آہ ناموسِ شریعت و قاموسِ علم
[مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانی]
وا دریغا!آج قلم کو اس ذات گرامی کامرثیہ لکھنا ہے جس کاقلم عمر بھر قرآن و حدیث کے اسرار و حکم کے کشف وتحقیق میں گُہرافشانی کرتارہا۔آج زبان خامہ کو اُس کی ماتم سرائی کافرض انجام دیناہے جوزندگی بھر ملت بیضا کی جراحتوں کے لیے مرہم رسانی کی فکر میں لگارہا۔جس کی زبان قرآن کی ترجمان تھی اورجس کا نطق نوامیس شریعت کابیان۔حضرت الاستاذ مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانی ؒکاسانحۂ وفات اگرچہ ’’وطن سے دور‘‘ پیش آیا لیکن الحمد ﷲ کہ دیارغیر میں نہیں جہاں غالب کے بقول بے کسی کی شرم کے رہ جانے کی تمنا ہوتی۔بے شمار فرزندان توحید نے نماز جنازہ پڑھی اوریہ اس بات کا ثبوت ہے کہ جو بذات خودایک انجمن ہو وہ وطن سے دور رہ کر بھی تنہا نہیں ہوتا۔وہ جہاں بیٹھتا ہے اپنی دنیا آپ پیدا کر لیتا ہے۔
دیوبند اگرچہ ایک چھوٹا ساقصبہ ہے لیکن مقامی اعتبار سے یہاں کے تین خاندانوں نے اس کو ہندوستان کے آسمان شہرت پرآفتاب وماہتاب بنا کر چمکایا اور اسے مرزوبوم کی کلاہ افتخار کاکوہ نوربنادیا۔ایک مولانا نانوتوی کاخاندان جن کے فرزند ارجمند حضرت حافظ محمد احمد صاحب مرحوم تھے، دوسرامولانا ذوالفقار علی مرحوم کاخاندان جس کے گل سرسبد حضرت شیخ الہند تھے اور تیسرا خاندان مولانا فضل الرحمن صاحب عثمانی مرحوم کا تھاجن کے دوصاحبزادے عارف عصر و شیخ طریقت حضرت مولانا مفتی عزیز الرحمن صاحب ؒاورعربی کے بہترین ادیب اور فطری شاعرمولانا حبیب الرحمن صاحب عثمانی ؒعہد حاضر کے اکابر علماوفضلا تھے۔ حضرت الاستاذ مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانی اسی خاندان کے لعل شب چراغ اورمولانا فضل الرحمن صاحب کے فرزند ارجمند تھے۔
حضرت الاستاذ ماہ محرم۱۳۰۵ھ میں دیوبند میں پیداہوئے اس و قت آپ کے والد ماجد ضلع بجنور میں انسپکٹر مدارس کے عہدہ پرمامور تھے۔ تعلیم دارالعلوم دیوبند میں...
In Islamic point of view, the family is an institution that starts from the legal bond of marriage. The marriage is a contract that confirms the mutual rights of husband and wife. Including the other rights, one is the provision of maintenance to wife. The wife having leaving her family and making a life time compromise to live with her husband reserves the right to be exempted from all kind of financial obligations. In Islamic family system, the husband is responsible both in legal and moral angles, to support his wife and provide the maintenance according to his financial status. Likewise, the wife has the right to demand the provision of maintenance from her husband. In time of none Provision, she can take this right through court. The wife reserves this right only if she is willing to live with her husband and does not disobey her husband’s reasonable orders. If it is so, then the stand for provision of maintenance shall be treated as invalid. In this paper, the matter of maintenance provision and its related problems have been discussed in contrast with the Pakistan family Laws which will provide a profound knowledge to the readers.
The Sperata (S.) sarwari is one of the commercially important carnivore freshwater fish and is now among the most endangered species in Pakistan. The study was designed to hypothesize that the natural population of S. sarwari has become fragmented due to the construction of barrages and the degradation of natural spawning grounds and also the decrease of genetic diversity is the main cause of decline in population. Molecular markers were applied to assess genetic variations between fish (S. sarwari) populations in four different rivers. Total eight populations were collected from the upstream and the downstream of the River Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi and Indus of the Punjab, Pakistan. The selected morphological and meristic characteristics showed significant (P< 0.05) variations between the upstream and the downstream population and also among the four riverine populations except weight, which was kept constant. For genetic analysis, fifteen RAPD markers were selected from the genomic Library on the basis of GC contents (%) and band reproducibility for the amplification of genomic DNA in S. sarwari. Out of 15 primers, ten RAPD primers produced 50 scorable bands with sizerange of 250-1050 bps. Molecular analysis showed significant polymorphism in the upstream and the downstream of the four riverne populations of S. sarwari. The highest polymorphism (62%) was observed in the River Indus population and lowest level (2%) was observed in the Ravi population. The genetic analysis revealed that the River Indus population showed the high gene diversity (h, 0.253±0.204) and the River Ravishowed the lowest gene diversity (h, 0.0096±0.068). The genetic variability with total heterozygosity (Ht, 0.3574±0.0350) revealed the significant higher variation (Gst, 0.5124) with very low level of migration flow (Nm, 0.4758) that showed no movement of a single individual between the upstream and the downstream of all river populations. Cluster analysis showed significant variations within and among rivers. Furthermore, the dendrogram showed that the S. sarwari population of the River Jhelum and RiverIndus were closely related, while the River Ravi population was completely distinct from other riverine populations. Hence, these genetic analysis described the higher level of genetic variability and lowest genetic flow that increased the inbreeding coefficient in S. sarwari population. Furthermore, this study revealed that the variations in the morphological characteristics are concordance with the genetic analysis. In the present study, it was also concluded that the lowest gene flow is the indication of isolation due to physical barriers i.e. dams and barrage. Hence, this information can be used by Ichthyologist managers and natural conservationist, who are interested in the future to save it from declining of S. sarwari.