The idea of Twistor Theory was created by English Physicist R. Penrose, is that the geometry of a conformal manifold M can be encoded in holomorphic terms of the so-called Twistor Spaces associated to M. The negative twistor space of an oriented Riemannian 4-manifold M , is a two-sphere bundle L whose fiber at any point m of M consists of all complex structure on tangent space Tm M compatible with metric and the opposite orientation of M. The Smooth Manifold L admits two almost complex structure J1 and J2 introduced by Atiyah-Hitchin-Singer and Elles-Salamon respectively, recently G. De- schamp observed that given a smooth map f from L to L ,a fibre preserving map, one can define an almost complex structure Jf on twistor space L and J1, J2 are the special cases of Jf . J. Davidov and O. Mushkarov studied the existence of holomorphic function with respect to almost complex structure J1 and J2. I have rigorously explore this existence in this thesis also I concluded that the existence of holomorphic function with respect to compatible almost complex structure Jf can be proven in the same way
بنجر نہ کبھی کشت تمنا میری ہو گی بنجر نہ کبھی کشت تمنا میری ہو گی اک فرد کا مرنا نہیں انسان کا مرنا سر ہیں تو سرِ دار قلم اور بھی ہوں گے ہم مرتے رہیں گے مگر ہم اور بھی ہوں گے کوئی مسیحا نہ ایفائے عہد کو پہنچا بہت تلاش پسِ قتل عام ہوتی رہی
Plagiarism is a serious offense that defies the ethics of scholarship and research. Research students need to pay substantive attention to the dynamics and contours of plagiarism in their creative, ethical, and academic endeavors. Scholarship avenues such as online tutorials and work assignments are important sources of instructions for plagiarism-avoidance among students. The current study explores the frequency of consultation of scholarship avenues and the usage of plagiarism-avoidance techniques among research students in social sciences. The study also recommends a scale to investigate plagiarism-avoidance techniques. Furthermore, it also examines the level of the study in predicting the usage of plagiarism-avoidance. Using the online survey technique, 108 research students from Pakistan were sampled. The questionnaire was uploaded on several student-based research groups of social media, including; Facebook, and Yahoo groups. Bivariate linear regression analysis was used for hypothesis testing. Findings revealed that scholarship avenues lead to greater usage of plagiarism-avoidance techniques among research students (R2 =0.065). Supervisors, class-fellows, colleagues, and faculty of the department are prominent human scholarship avenues. Similarly, articles and books from the web, books from the library, the anti-plagiarism policy of the Higher Education Commission (HEC), and lectures delivered in the classroom were leading informational scholarship avenues. Stage of the study and consultation of the scholarship avenues were predictors of usage of plagiarism-avoidance techniques. It is recommended that (i) plagiarism-avoidance is promoted through prevention rather than detection, and that (ii) scholarship avenues (e.g. Delivering lectures, institutional policy, and interaction with relevant websites) are used for enhancing awareness about intellectual dishonesty.
The taxonomy of Alectoris chukar (A. chukar) has been a multiplex argumentation accompanied by dissimilar categorization and alteration recommended based on their architecture, topographical dissemination and chromosome count. In Pakistan Chukar partridge (A. chukar) is a significant member of Phasianidae family, yet a limited molecular statistics is documented that adjured us to explore its hereditary diversification and biological evolution through mitochondrial DNA, Cyt-b and COX1 genes. A total of 749bp of COX1 and 472 bp of Cyt-b entire coding regions (CDS) of the two genes were amplified by PCR pursued by sequencing. The sequence rectification and alignment was done through Bio-Edit software. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by Neighbor joining tree construction along with bootstrap analysis from MEGA7 described the genetic linkage of A.chukar with related members of Phasianidae family. The phylogenetic interpretation also manifested the genetic place of A.chukar in comparison to other divergent documented species as well. This study provided us beneficial genomic knowledge regarding genetic diversification in A. chukar and its phylogenetic correlation with comparable taxa, highlighting the necessity of conservation strategies implementation to secure this distinctive genetic resource of Pakistan.