With the advent of technology and its integration into the users lives as an integral part of it, the questions have shifted from `acceptance or rejection' to how `useful or not technology might be. From its first appearance more than a century back (Villar 2013) we can clearly deduce that many methods used in the field of usability have their roots back in the earlier fields of ergonomics, human factors, architecture and even psychology. Some of these fields have roots thatgo back to the beginning of life when the ancients adopted methods that would make their lives easier overtime. Unintentionally usability has become that one field which adopts concept from an extremely varied group of disciplines. (Flowers 2014, Percy 2008, Villar 2013) The main aim of this research is to provide an up-to-date, well-researched resource of past and current references to highlight the literature that shows how usability has altered designs, lifestyles and in the end businesses. This survey paper presents a comprehensive concept-centric review of usability from when its concept was initiated and where it might be going in the future. According to the research over 70 publications have been selected and classified into various categories such as (i) understanding user, (ii) aesthetics, (iii) design and (iv) context and how all these four elements help define usability in terms of profitability. Despite the research and efforts in this particular field there are still many areas of potential research and application that haven't been explored and provide a vast scope for study. (Ardito et al. 2009, Kim, Lin, and Sung 2013)
سی حرفی ۔۸ (تن بیتاں وچ مکمل) الف آماہی، ’ب‘ بہت تھکی، ت تاہنگ تیری پئی مار دی اے ث ثابتی نہیں، ’ج‘ جگر باہجوں، ’ح‘ حالت گئی گھر بار دی اے خ خوشی گئی، ’د‘ دکھ بہتے، ’ذ‘ ذکر تے فکر سب یار دی اے ر رب وارث، ’ز‘ زاریاں دا، ’س‘ سک حنیف دیدار دی اے
ش شوق لگا، ’ص‘ صادقاں دا، ’ض‘ ضعف نہیں کجھ نتار دا اے ط طوق پیا، ’ظ‘ ظالماں دا، ’ع‘ عاشقاں ہانگرا دار دا اے غ غم لگا، ’ف‘ فکر ڈاہڈا، ’ق‘ قسم مینوں شوق یار دا اے ک کون کٹے، ’ل‘ لکھ دتا،’م‘ مویاں نوں یار کیوں مار دا اے
ن نیہہ ڈونگھی، چڑھی گھٹ کالی، اساں لنگھنا پہلڑے پور یارو و واہ کوئی نہیں، ہور راہ کوئی نہیں، ’ہ‘ ہڑ دا سماں ضرور یارو لا لا مکان دا پتہ دسے، ’ی‘ یاد نہ مان غرور یارو ے یار حنیف بھلائی دنیا، کیڈ پائے نیں عشق فتور یارو سی حرفی۔۹ (ہک بیت وچ اٹھ حرف) الف الٰہی، میل ماہی نوں، ’ب‘ برے دن آئے نیں ت تلوار برہوں دی لٹکے، ’ث‘ ثواب کمائے نیں ج جوانی آخر فانی، ’ح‘حائل غم آئے نیں خ خوف حنیف وچھوڑے اندر، ’د‘ دکھاں دے سائے نیں
ذ ذکر تیرے وچ رہندی، ’ر‘ رخ ویکھاں ماہی دا ز زیارت لکھ ثواباں، ’س‘ سوہنا چن چاہی دا ش شوخاں دے ناز نہورے، ’ص‘ صفا دل چاہی دا ض ضدی سنگ دل حنیف اے، مان حسن دی شاہی دا
ط طواف کریں دن راتیں، ’ظ‘ ظالم کوئی خبر نہیوں ع عشق دے کٹھے عاشق، ’غ‘ غصہ تے جبر نہیوں ف فائدہ کی شکویاں سندا، ’ق‘ قسمت وچ اجر نہیوں ک کتھے چھڈ گیوں ماہی، کجھ حنیف نوں صبر نہیوں
Abdul Haq, India’s most popular researcher and literary figure, got retirement from the University of Delhi as dean of the Department of Urdu. For the very first time in India, he selected Iqbaliat as his doctorate topic. His books on Iqbaliat highlighted various unexplored topics and personalities. He presented and preached Iqbal’s thoughts and quotations exactly the way Iqbal wanted them to be presented. His articles on Iqbal always received great appreciation from all the literary circles and conferences in which he presented them. As a profound lover and having an understanding of Iqbal’s poetry, he gave new dimensions to his poetry, previously unknown to the world. Furthermore, as a researcher, he discussed numerous scholars who claimed to have an understanding of Iqbal’s poetry and analyzed their work critically. The current study is an acknowledgement of Professor Abdul Haq’s endeavors in the field of education, literature and his services for Iqbaliat. Moreover, the present study encompasses his written publications on the topic of Iqbaliat.
The main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of foreign remittances on the socio- economic development of the District Swabi, NWFP, Pakistan. For this purpose eleven villages were selected where 360 respondents were interviewed in the year 2008. Several important conclusions emerge from this study in the context of: determinants of emigration, the foreign earnings, the mode of utilization and socio-economic impact on recipients in Pakistan. These conclusions are summed up below. The study reveals that both “Pull” and ‘Push’ factors have propelled the emigration process but the “Pull” factors are more dominant. The study also distinctly substantiates the “Age Selectivity” character of emigration stream; 63% of the emigrants under study belong to the 21-30 years age group. The study reveals that the literacy level of the emigrants’ households positively impacted the incidence of emigration. Regression results of the study also clearly establish a positive and significant correlation between the level of ‘formal education’ and ‘formal training’ of emigrants with their income level abroad. These findings discount the commonplace views on this subject in the study universe and thus, should, further strengthen the urge, among the area’s people and also elsewhere, to go for formal education and formal training, more and more. An unexpected finding of the study is the negative and insignificant correlation between emigrants’ non-formal skills and their income level abroad. The emigrants’ remittances have substantially improved their left behind households’ income level, which compares very favorably with income of the in-country workers; being three times higher than the latter. The emigrants’ households were, generally speaking, found to be making a rational allocation of their enhanced income over consumption and productive uses. Some 14% households acquired agricultural land which significantly increased their holdings (22%) over the pre-emigration period; 12% purchased plots of land for residential/commercial construction; 32% invested in livestock that raised their livestock holdings by 83%; 49% bought vehicles, mostly for both personal and commercial use; and 79% constructed or improved their residences, thus creating an asset of growing value by the current trend. Expenditure on health and education is universally regarded a productive outlay, and the emigrants households prominently excel in this respect. These items claimed 11% and 14% respectively of their total current expenditure. The outcomes are manifested in improvement in health situation as well as literacy and education level of the population under study. Both men and women have had their share in this respect. The growing popularity of education among women is, especially noteworthy and is a break away from the social rigidity of the past. Thus, emigration and the resulting inflow of remittances from abroad have set in the much welcome process of socio-economic change and emigration should accordingly be encouraged and facilitated by providing appropriate financial, legal, and