ڈاکٹر حافظ غلام مصطفےٰ
(پروفیسر مختارالدین احمد)
دوشنبہ ۲۷؍ دسمبر ۱۹۹۳ء کو حافظ غلام مصطفے سابق ریڈر شعبہ عربی مسلم یونیورسٹی طویل علالت کے بعد علی گڑھ میں وفات پاگئے۔ تدفین یونیورسٹی کے قبرستان میں عمل میں آئی۔ان کی ولادت الٰہ آباد میں ۱۹۱۹ء میں ہوئی۔ حفظ قرآن اور ابتدائی تعلیم کے بعد انھوں نے انگریزی تعلیم کی طرف توجہ کی۔ انھوں نے نجی طور پر تعلیم حاصل کرکے الٰہ آباد یونیورسٹی سے بی اے، آگرہ یونیورسٹی سے اردو اور فارسی میں اور علی گڑھ سے عربی میں ایم اے کیا۔ ۱۹۵۴ء میں پروفیسر عبدالعلیم مرحوم کی صدارت کے عہد میں وہ شعبہ عربی میں لکچرر مقرر ہوئے۔ انہی کی نگرانی میں عہد جاہلی کی عربی شاعری میں مذہبی رجحانات کے موضوع پر انھوں نے ڈاکٹریٹ حاصل کی۔ کچھ دنوں کے بعد وہ ریڈر مقرر ہوئے اور ۲۵ سال شعبے میں تدریسی فرائض انجام دے کر ۱۹۷۹ء میں متقاعد ہوئے۔
ان کی مطبوعہ تصانیف حسب ذیل ہیں:
(1) Religious Trend in Pre-Islamic Arabic Poetry,
(مطبوعہ علی گڑھ ۱۹۶۸ء)
(۲) ابن الفارض: عربی صوفیانہ شاعری کی ایک منفرد شخصیت، علی گڑھ ۱۹۷۳ء۔
(۳) اخبار الکرام باخبار المسجد الحرام، مصنفہ الشیخ شہاب الدین احمد بن محمد الاسدی الملکی الشافعی (متوفی ۱۰۶۶ھ) بنارس ۱۹۷۶ء۔
ان کتابوں کے علاوہ انگریزی، عربی اور اردو میں ان کے مضامین مقتدر رسالوں میں شائع ہوئے ہیں۔
اولاد میں دو بیٹیاں اور تین بیٹے یادگار چھوڑے ہیں۔ سب تعلیم یافتہ ہیں اور برسر روزگار، صفیہ جاریہ نے علی گڑھ سے فارسی میں ایم اے اور ۱۹۷۵ء میں پی ایچ ڈی کیا ہے۔ ان کے مقالے کا عنوان تھا: ’’داستان یوسف زلیخادر شعر فارسی‘‘ فارسی زبان و ادب سے متعلق متعدد مقالات برہان، تحریر اور دوسرے رسالوں میں شائع ہوئے ہیں وہ آج کل شعبہ فارسی میں ریسرچ ایسوسیٹ ہیں۔ میمونہ جاریہ کیمیا میں ایم ایس...
Water and related issues are gaining importance in the present world politics. It is believed that water would be the source of some major future conflicts in many regions including South Asia. Water distribution between Pakistan and India has become a serious political issue since independence. The problem has its roots in the partition of the Indian Subcontinent in 1947. Although the issue was resolved amicably by the two states in 1960 and a treaty was signed, even then number of other issues developed after the treaty. One of the important aspects of the settlement route was the Indian refusal and Pakistan’s insistence on the presence and participation of any third neutral party. Despite the Indian policy of bilateralism on many regional issues, water disputes and resolution remained a classical example of multilateralism, where at least on four major occasions the settlements were reached with the involvement of a third neutral party.
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are a special class of networks which lack infrastructure components. In the current scenario practical realization of such networks is carried out by using Internet Protocol (IP) based architecture which was proposed four decades ago for infrastructure based fixed networks. Researchers have pointed out a number of technical problems in the IP based architecture, even when it is applied in infrastructure based networks like support for mobility, multi-homing, dual/overriding role of IP address, etc. Due to such problems contemporary researchers are proposing number of alternative architectures for replacing the IP based architecture. When Ad hoc networks like MANETs are realized by IP based architecture, multitude of technical problems will be required to be addressed. Along with the inherent deficiencies of IP based architecture some new issues specific to the ad hoc scenario like IP address auto-configuration, naming and name resolution, etc will also be required to be addressed. It is argued that application of IP based architecture for realizing ad hoc networks, especially MANETs, will require fulfillment of numerous challenging requirements and patches. Due to such technical issues ad hoc networking has extremely limited realization in real world applications. There exists number of constraints of IP based networking when it is applied in the ad hoc networking context. As an attempt to address such constraints an alternative architecture with the name ID based ad HOC NETwork (IDHOCNET) is proposed. Even though IDHOCNET is a non IP based architecture, it additionally supports all IP based applications. Almost all the research on ad hoc networking scenarios relies on simulation work. Simulation based validation hides many real-world issues of the system. Considering this aspect, the approach of prototype implementation has been adopted for the proof of concept of the proposed architecture. IDHOCNET gives solution to problems like IP address autoix of configuration, naming and name resolution and provides ease of implementation of ad hoc networks. Ad hoc networks are inherently bandwidth constrained. Therefore, in the pursuit of bandwidth conservation, IDHOCNET further provides a novel implementation of a multi-hop header compression scheme. Moreover, IDHOCNET provides implementation details of a novel application class which is called as ID based applications. A number of experiments have been conducted to demonstrate IP and ID based applications execution on a real multi-hop testbed. IDHOCNET data forwarding mechanisms is compared with traditional IP based ad hoc networks. It is observed that the bandwidth required for IDHOCNET is less than the traditional IP based implementation. Moreover, additional bandwidth is saved when header compression is applied in data forwarding. Hence the proposed architecture contributes significantly to efficient ad hoc network realization.