Scrum and Extreme Programming (XP) are frequently used models among all models of agile. Where as Rational Unified Process (RUP) is a conventional plan driven software development model. The agile and plan driven approaches both have their own strengths and weaknesses. A good feature of RUP model is that RUP works well for medium and large scale projects. Although RUP model has certain drawbacks, such as tendency to be over budgeted, slow in adaptation to rapidly changing requirements and reputation of being impractical for small and fast paced projects. Agile models being alternative to conventional models are not appropriate for large scale projects with significant light documentation. Strengths of Scrum and XP are that they are self managed processes through iterative planning.
RUP is slow in adaptation to rapidly changing requirements due to well established requirement documentation. This feature is not lacking in Scrum and XP models as they respond well to creeping requirements. Advantage of RUP model is that it focuses on satisfying business and customer needs by delivering quality software and gives comprehensive planning for the system. Major drawback of RUP model is that it fails to provide clear implementation guidelines and leaves the tailoring to the user entirely.
XP and scrum are self managed techniques through iterative planning. XP model has certain drawbacks such as weak documentation and poor performance for medium and large development projects. XP has a concrete set of engineering practices that emphasizes on team work where managers, customers and developers are all equal partners in collaborative team. Scrum is more concerned with the project management. It has seven practices namely Scrum Master, Scrum teams, Product Backlog, Sprint, Sprint Planning Meeting, Daily Scrum Meeting and Sprint Review.
Keeping above mentioned context in view, this thesis successfully proposed a SPRUP model by combining strengths of Scrum, XP and RUP as well as narrower the weaknesses to produce quality software. Proposed SPRUP model was validated through a controlled case study. The results of this case study were then compared with the results
of three of the case studies of Scrum, XP and RUP
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat perencanaan strategis bagi lembaga pendidikan Islam. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review, dengan mengumpulkan berbagai referensi artikel pendukung dari jurnal-jurnal nasional. Hasil kajian ini menjelaskan, Apabila perencanaan strategis dapat dibuat dan dilaksanakan dengan benar serta didukung oleh komitmen pimpinan, maka perencanaan strategis dapat memberi manfaat-manfaat bagi lembaga pendidikan Islam, antara lain : (1) Perencanaan strategis dapat memperkuat “critical mass” menjadi team yang kompak, karena diarahkan untuk menganut nilai-nilai pokok, sistem utama dan tujuan bersama, (2) Perencanaan strategis dapat membantu untuk mengoptimisasikan performance lembaga pendidikan Islam, (3) Perencanaan strategis dapat membantu pimpinan untuk selalu memusatkan perhatian dan menganut kerangka bagi upaya perbaikan secara kontinyu, (4) Perencanaan strategis memberikan pedoman bagi pengambilan keputusan sehari-hari, dan (5) Perencanaan strategis selalu memberikan kemudahan untuk mengukur kemajuan organisasi dalam usaha mencapai tujuannya untuk memperbaiki kualitas dan produktivitas. Manfaat perencanaan strategis pendidikan menjadi hal yang perlu diperhatikan untuk menciptakan penyelenggaraan pendidikan Islam yang bermutu
This research examines the impact of psychological contract breach (PCB) and organizational climate (OC) on the affective commitment and the effect of commitment on the proactive work behaviour of employees in four different sectors of Karachi, Pakistan. The study looks into affective commitment as performing the role of a mediator in linking PCB and climate with proactive work behaviours. The research also observes the moderation of tenure between the two links. The model is evaluated through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) through AMOS. In Pakistan, no such research has been taken up to observe the links between situational and psychological antecedents with proactive behaviour of employees. The present research makes an effort to fill this gap. Results of the research indicate that psychological contract breach (PCB) is inversely related to affective commitment while positive influence exists between organizational climate and affective commitment. Also affective commitment has a direct positive influence on proactive work behaviours. Psychological contract breach has full mediation while organizational climate has partial mediation effects on proactive work behaviour through affective commitment. Besides these variables, tenure also turned out to be a strong moderator of these links and thus moderated mediation tend to occur in the data set, the model is a good fit and it is significant. The findings support affective commitment as the mediator in the relationships between psychological contract breach, organizational climate with proactive work behaviour. The results provide guidelines and significant implications to help top managers and HR department to better understand and critically look into the current organizational climate and psychological contract created between the immediate manager and subordinate for increasing affective commitment and subsequently increasing proactive work behaviours. Furthermore, this study helps inEffect of Moderated Mediation on Proactive Work Behaviours 7 enriching the current body of knowledge on proactive behaviours in developing countries. Future studies should examine other antecedents like organizational citizenship behaviour and perceived organizational support to have a holistic approach. Replication of this study in other settings is also suggested.