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Determinants of Capital Structure: A Comparative Analysis of Financial and Nonfinancial Sector of Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhammad Yaseen

Institute

Virtual University of Pakistan

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Software Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://vspace.vu.edu.pk/detail.aspx?id=67

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676720958345

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A corporate entity is well differentiated from others through its capital structure; also referred to as ownership composition is one of the critical decisions for the stakeholders. This empirical study attempts to examine the capital structure of companies listed on Karachi Stock Exchange of Pakistan and endeavors to identify similarities and dissimilarities in capital structure determinants across financial and nonfinancial sector firms. Explanatory variables ? firm size, profitability, firm growth, asset structure, tax effect, tier1 capital and liquidity are employed to determine the capital structure determinants. Analysis results show that except firm growth rest of common predictors are found influential across both sector firms. Moreover, sector specific predictors; for financial firms tier1 capital and liquidity in nonfinancial firms; are also found influential at various significance levels. Empirical findings depict similarities and dissimilarities of capital structure determinants to a greater extent across both the sectors. Significance of minimum capital requirement - tier1 capital in banks highlights need for dynamic requirement to ensure availability of funds for lending.
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حلف الفضول کی امتیازی شان

حلف الفضول کی امتیازی شان
یہ معاہدہ انسانیت کی بھلائی ،خیر خواہی اور بنی نوع انسان کو ظلم و بربریت اور ناانصافی کے چنگل سے آزاد کرانے اور امن و سلامتی کو عام کرنے کا نام ہے۔ اس کی امتیازی شان اس کے نام سے عیاں ہے عربی زبان میں معاہدہ کے لیے متعدد اصطلاحات مثلا عہد ‘ معاہدہ ‘ عقد ‘ حلف ‘ میثاق ‘ بیت اتفاقیہ ‘ اعلامیہ وغیرہ موجود ہیں مگر اس معاہدہ کے لیے حلف کی اصطلاح استعمال ہوئی ہے یعنی اس میں قسم کا مفہوم بھی شامل ہے کیونکہ قسم کھا کر کسی چیز کو بیان کرنا اس کی پختگی اور مضبوط ارادہ و عزم کا اظہار ہوتا ہے نیز یہ اشارہ بھی ملتا ہے کہ جس بات پر قسم اٹھائی جا رہی ہے وہ بات پر وقار اور ذیشان ہے اور قسم کو اٹھانے والے بھی مکرم و محترم و محتشم ہیں ۔مرتبہ و مقام کے لائق وہی ذات بے ہمتا ہے جو واحد ہ لا شریک ہے ۔ عہد رسالت میں کفار بتوں کی قسمیں بھی اٹھاتے تھے لیکن گمان غالب ہے کہ حلف الفضول کا ڈول ڈالنے والی تمام سعادت مند روحیں تھیں جو اللہ تعالیٰ پر یقین رکھتی تھیں اور نیکی و بھلائی کے فروغ کے لیے کوشاں تھیں ‘ برائی کے خاتمے اور بھلائی کو عام کرنے کی توفیق اللہ کی طرف سے تھی اور اسی کی رضا کے لیے یہ معاہدہ عمل میں آیا ۔جبکہ مطیبوں اور احلا ف نے اس حلف کو نا پسند کرتے ہوئے اسے حلف الفضول کا نام دیا اور اس عہد کو قوم کے فضول کاموں سے شمار کرنے لگے ۔اگرچہ یہ بات معاہدہ کی رو ح کے خلاف ہے لیکن مخالف نے یہ بات کہہ دی ہے تو یہ محض اس کی دشمنی کا اظہار ہے ۔ (الوفا۔۱۷۵)
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Developing Thinking Skills of Early School Children Through Science Activities

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