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Ceo and Executive Compensation, Ownership Concentration and its Effect on Firm Performance

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Muhammad Muddasar Khurshied

Institute

Virtual University of Pakistan

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Software Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://vspace.vu.edu.pk/detail.aspx?id=98

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676720966728

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The study aimed to explore the impact of executive compensation and ownership concentration on firm performance. For this purpose relevant part of 524 annual reports of companies listed on KSE 100 are examine during the period from 2008 to 2014. The regulatory framework (the Companies Ordinance 1984 and Code of Corporate Governance 2002) is very well articulated and covering all aspect of compensation and ownership concentration but the compliance of the law is not significant in Pakistan. Since many SROs are required to maintained functional website having information regarding company profile, Governance, investor relationship, media, election of directors, statement of compliance and financial statement. I am unable to access functional website of at least 15% of targeted sample (KSE 100 index). Since majority of the companies in Pakistan are family centered that lead to ownership centering and these family owned companies are performing well therefore the owners does not open the slot for individual/institutional investors to avoid hostile takeover. CEO dominance is high under such conditions since the probability is higher that CEO is the owner of the company and he/she has the major role in BOD selection. This dominating position empowers him/her to restrict the monitoring role of the BOD and directors forced to ratify management decisions. CEO uses the same influence for setting up the compensation of top executives. This study also confirms that compensation has the positive relationship with firm performance where majority shareholding is with institutional investor but the same relationship become negative if ownership changes to non-institutional investors. Companies having financial business are subject to multiple legal / regulatory reviews in Pakistan. Studyreveals that legal regulation has impact on this relationship since I have observe that top executive compensation relationship with the firm performance is insignificant in companies having financial business in the comparison to the companies involve in non-financial business where I found some relationship between top executive compensation and firm performance. Ownership structure in Pakistan also has the impact on relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance. Study observes the negative relationship between ownership concentration (represent by capital owned by top five shareholders) and firm performance. Market as whole observed an approximate reduction of .033% in AROA by Increase of 1% in ownership concentration. Institutional investors have external exposure and experience to manage companies therefore their ability to produce good results are higher. Study confirmed that ownership concentration have the positive relationship with firm performance where majority of the shareholding is with institutional investor but the same relationship become negative if ownership changes to non-institutional investors. It noted that results of above mention variables are varying in different sectors. Impact of executive compensation and ownership concentration on firm performance is high in sectors like Services, Cement, Chemical, Fertilizer, Oil and Gas and other industry while sectors like Banks, Food, Power Generation and Distribution have limited impact and no impact have been noted in Non-banking Finance Companies and Textile.
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مولانابدر الدین علوی

مولانا بدر الدین علوی
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینے مولانا بدرالدین صاحب علوی سابق استاد عربی مسلم یونیورسٹی نے وفات پائی مرحوم استاد العلماء مولانا لطف اﷲ صاحب علی گڑھی کے تلمیذ رشید اور مولانا حبیب الرحمن خاں شروانی مرحوم کے ہمدرس تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی درس و تدریس اور علم و ادب کی خدمت میں گذری مسلم یونیورسٹی سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد گھر پر عربی کے شایقین کو درس دیتے تھے، انھوں نے عرصہ ہوا المختار بن شعر بشار بن برد پر اور اس کی شرح لابی الطاہر اسمٰعیل بن احمد التجیبی بڑے اہتمام سے تصحیح و تحشیہ کے ساتھ شائع کیا اﷲ تعالیٰ اس شیدائے علم کی مغفرت فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی،مارچ ۱۹۶۵ء)

مکالمہ بین المذاہب شرائط، مقاصد جديد

Now the whole world is the global village. The science has brought revolution in every field of life. Man has made a lot of things for his comforts, discomforts, reliefs and destruction. Now the time has come for us to take evolutionary steps to save us from giant’s destruction, terrorism, extremism, intolerance and unrest which are the machinations of complete annihilation over the earth, which needs cosmopolitanism on our part For this purpose, dialogue can play a vital role. People belongs to different civilizations, cultures, societies, nations and religions can sit around the table beings humans and can solve religious, political, geo political and economical problems by enhancing mutuality and common understanding. Dialogical aim should be to avoid clash of civilizations and peace for everyone. Terrorism and extremism should be stopped and we should promulgate coexistence and peace for whole human community. Purpose should be to serve the humanity. We should promote love, peace, respect for the other religions; serve humanity create equality and equity among human beings. This should be safety of present and coming generation. We should pay our role as super creature and thinking creature; super. The barriers which come across while promulgating cosmopolitanism and expatriation is seemed to be is the double standard of the west, that promotes colonialism, terrorism, extremism and economical support of missionaries and these things are the real problems for those human beings who take serious trenchant and serious efforts to achieve dialogical goals cannot achieve it. The role western media plays; is not supportive to this nation. Western world especially American should use her hegemony to make world worth living and worth seeing to the coming generation.

Sewage Treatment by an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor Uasb under Subtropical Conditions

The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors seeded with cow dung manure and activated sludge of a dairy wastewater treatment plant, termed as UASBCD and UASBASDIT, were used to treat medium strength raw domestic wastewater. The start-up of UASBCD reactor required a period of 120 days. In case of UASBASDIT reactor, sludge bet was stabilized in a period of 80 days. The performance of both reactors to treat wastewater was enhanced with an increase in the sludge age and temperature. Under psychrophilic temperature (17 OC) and at early sludge age (60 days), COD and BOD removal by the reactors was in the range of 57-62% and 61- 66%, respectively. However, COD and BOD removal efficiency of the reactors elevated to the range of 79-81% and 77-83%, respectively at sludge age of 150 days and temperature of 30 OC. In short, overall performance of both reactors was optimal at sludge age ranging from 120-150 days and temperature varying between 25-30 O C. However, overall performance of UASBCD reactor was always relatively better than UASBASDIT reactor due to better granulation, biomass growth and settling characteristics of sludge with time in the former reactor. Both reactors were re-started after a long shutdown period of 12 months, and operated at HRT of 12 hrs and 30 OC temperature. The reactors restored normal performance in a time period of 30 days. Post-treatment of UASB wastewater was accomplished in order to improve the quality of wastewater in accordance with the permissible limits for irrigation water. The application of ozone, UV irradiation and H2O2 at their optimal exposure time (ozonation time varying between 26-30 min; UV irradiation time of 8-15 min) and dose (H2O2 dose in the range of 280-336 mg/L) showed 99.9% elimination of pathogens (total coliform, fecal coliform and E.coli) in wastewaters of both reactors. The disinfection efficiency of combined systems (O3/UV; H2O2/UV; O3/H2O2) was, however, spectacular. The application of these systems showed 99.9% removal of pathogens at very short contact time and less dose as compared to time and dose required in their individual application. There was no re-growth in wastewater samples disinfected at optimal contact time (ozonation time of 25 min; UV irradiation for 15 min) and maximum dose (H2O2 dose of 336 mg/L) in the presence of nutrients during a time period of 21 days. However, underdozed samples and wastewater samples exposed for inadequate time period showed re-growth, which was a function of nutrient content, temperature and light, and regrowth of pathogens was substantially increased with increasing temperature and adding nutrients.