مولوی محمد فیروز الدین ڈسکوی (۱۹۰۷۔۱۸۲۴) کا عرصہ حیات انیسویں صدی کے نصف آخر اور بیسویں صدی کے پہلے عشرے پر مشتمل ہے۔ وہ بیک وقت مفسر قرآن مجید‘ قواعد نویس‘ لغات نویس‘ سیرت و سوانح نگار‘ معلم‘ مذہبی عالم اور اردو پنجابی کے قادر الکلام شاعر تھے۔ آپ سیالکوٹ کی تحصیل ڈسکہ کے محلہ ٹھٹھیاراں میں پیدا ہوئے۔(۳۲) مولوی فیروز الدین انجمن حمایتِ اسلام کے سرگرم کارکن تھے۔ اکثر انجمن کے جلسوں میں شریک ہوتے۔ ماہانہ چندہ دیتے۔ انجمن کے تیسرے سالانہ جلسے‘ منعقدہ 25تا 27 فروری 1888ء میں سیالکوٹ سے جو لوگ شریک ہوئے ان میں مولوی صاحب موصوف ‘ شیخ محمد اقبال (علامہ اقبال جوان دنوں سکاچ مشن کے طالب علم تھے) کے علاوہ دیگر اصحاب بھی شامل تھے۔(۳۳)
مولوی صاحب انجمن کے جلسوں میں نظمیں بھی پڑھا کرتے تھے۔ مئی 1894ء میں انہوں نے نظم ’’مسدس اصلاح قوم کی تحریک‘‘ جلسے میں سنائی۔ نظم کے چھتیس بند تھے۔ نظم جون 1894ء کے شمارے میں شائع بھی ہوئی۔(۳۴)
انجمن کے تیسرے سالانہ جلسے منعقدہ 24تا 27فروری 1888ء میں بھی انہوں نے ایک نظم سنائی جس کا پہلا بند یہ تھا:۔
کیوں نہ ہو آج گلستاں شاداب ہوں نہ گلہائے بوستاں شاداب
کیوں نہ ہو گلشن جہاں شاداب ہو نہ فرحت سے باغباں شاداب
جلسہ ہے انجمن کا سالانہ دور ہے اس چمن کا سالانہ (۳۵)
مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی رفاہی کاموں میں بھی حصہ لیتے تھے۔ سیالکوٹ میں آپ نے انجمن اسلامیہ کی بنیاد ڈالی جس کی زیرِ نگرانی بعد میں تعلیمی ادارے بھی قائم ہوئے۔(۳۶) انجمن اسلامیہ سیالکوٹ کا قیام 1890ء کے اوائل میں ہوا۔1894ء میں انجمن اسلامیہ سیالکوٹ نے سرسید اور مولوی نذیر احمد کی آمد کے انتظامات کئے لیکن وہ سیالکوٹ نہ آ سکے(۳۷)
مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی قادر الکلام شاعر...
Some of the variant readings of the Holy Quran having a sound chain of narration are not included in the Uthmanic Maṣāḥif (Codices). Hence, following three probabilities can be deduced about these readings; First: Those were abrogated in ʿArḍah Akhīrah (the last revision). Second: Those might be among those explanatory notes of the Holy Text by Prophet Muhammad (SWA) that were erroneously written by a few companions within the actual text of Quran considering them a part of the Quran. Third: Those may belong to such Aḥruf (readings) that were authentically transmitted from the Messenger of Allah (SWA) but, they were not mentioned in the orthography of the Uthmanic Maṣāḥif by the compilers due to any possible reason. To us, if we come across any authentically narrated recitation of the senior Qurrāʾ companions that seems contrary to the orthography of the Uthmanic Maṣāḥif and there is no proof of their being from the second category, then, it is better to consider them from the third category instead of the first one.
Membrane proteins are the basic constituent of a cell that manage intra and extracellular processes of a cell. About 20-30% of genes of eukaryotic organisms are encoded from membrane proteins. In addition, almost 50% of drugs are directly targeted against membrane proteins. Owing to the significant role of membrane proteins in living organisms, the identification of membrane proteins with substantial accuracy is essential. However, the annotation of membrane proteins through conventional methods is difficult, sometimes even impossible. Therefore, membrane proteins are predicted from topogenic sequences using computational intelligence techniques. In this study, we conducted our research in two phases regarding the prediction of membrane protein types and structures. In Phase-I, regarding the prediction of membrane protein types, four different ways are explored in order to enhance true prediction. In the first part of phase-I, membrane protein types are predicted using Composite protein sequence representation followed by the application of principal component analysis in conjunction with individual classifiers. In the second part, the notion of ensemble classification is utilized. In part three, an error correction code is incorporated with Support Vector Machine using evolutionary profiles (Position Specific Scoring Matrix) and SAAC based features. Finally, in part four, a two-layer web predictor Mem- PHybrid is developed. Mem-PHybrid accomplishes the prediction in two steps. First, a protein query is identified as a membrane or a non-membrane protein. In case of membrane protein, then its type is predicted. In the second phase of this research, the structure of membrane protein is recognized as alpha-helix transmembrane or outer membrane proteins. In case of alpha- helix transmembrane proteins, features are explored from protein sequences by two feature extraction schemes of distinct natures; including physicochemical properties and compositional index of amino acids. Singular value decomposition is employed to extract high variation features. A hybrid feature vector is formed by combining the different types of features. Weighted Random Forest is then used as a classification algorithm. On the other hand, in case of outer membrane proteins, protein sequences are represented by Amino acid composition, PseAA composition, and SAAC along with their hybrid models. Genetic programming, K-nearest neighbor, and fuzzy K-nearest neighbor are adopted as classification algorithms. Through the simulation study, we observed that the prediction performance of our proposed approaches in case of both types and structures prediction is better compared to existing state of the arts/approaches. Finally, we conclude that our proposed approach for membrane proteins might play a significant role in Computational Biology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, and thus might help in applications related to drug discovery. In addition, the related web predictors provide sufficient information to researchers and academicians in future research.