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Microbiological Quality of Goat?S Milk Obtained from Different Areas of District Muzaffargarh

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Zainab Ghafoor

Institute

Virtual University of Pakistan

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Software Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://vspace.vu.edu.pk/detail.aspx?id=146

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676720978613

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Pakistan is the fourth country which provides milk at large scale where goat population is increasing day by day. Milk is the primary need of every home today. It is also a product on which bacteria attack very soon. It was hypothesized that quality of milk is not pure nowadays in Pakistan especially in milk producing areas. The aim of this study was checking the quality of goat milk from different places in district Muzaffargarh and the difference in calculation of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus),Escherichia coli (E.coli), Bacillus cereus (B.cereus), Klebsellia pneumoniea (K.pneumoniea) and Salmonella typhi (S.typhi) between standard plate count method and direct plate count method. Milk samples were collected from district Muzaffargarh. Some strategies were followed in this research plan. The quality parameters were clot on boiling, alcohol perception test and organoleptic test. These parameters were used to decide and observe the quality of milk in very short time. The fastidious S.aureus, E.coli, B.cereus, K.pneumoniea and S.typhi were focused in this study. S.aureus, E.coli, B.cereus, K.pneumoniea and S.typhi were detected and isolated from milk samples of goat. S.aureus, E.coli, B.cereus, K.pneumoniea and S.typhi were cultured in different nutrient agar media. The standard plate count method and direct microscopic method were applied to count down the number of S.aureus, E.coli, B.cereus, K.pneumoniea and S.typhi. It was concluded that alcohol perception and clot on boiling gave 34% and 24.5% positives results. On the other hand in organoleptic test, smell, appearance, colour, consistency and temperature gave 7%, 14.5%, 23%, 38% and 20% positive results. S.aureus, E.coli, B.cereus, K.pneumoniea and S.typhi generated the bar at 8%, 14%, 17%, 21% and 5% positive results respectively. It was also concluded that standard plate counting is much precise method as compared to the direct microscopic counting method. These results were organized in SPSS software or excel sheet.
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اُسی کے اسمِ اعظم سے ہی دل کو شاد کرنے میں

نعت

اُسی کے اسمِ اعظم سے ہی دل کو شاد کرنے میں
بہت ہی لطف آتا ہے نبیؐ کو یاد کرنے میں

بہ نامِ احمدؐ مرسل حدیثِ دل میں کہتی ہوں
کرم اُنؐ کا ہی شامل ہے مری فریاد کرنے میں

زمیں تا آسماں ہیں منتظر نورِ مجسم کے
حیاتِ جاوداں ملتی ہے ان کو یاد کرنے میں

انھی کے ذکر سے دونوں جہاں نے زندگی پائی
وہی ہیں کار فرما بس جہاں آباد کرنے میں

محمدؐ کی محبت سے فضاؔ کا دل دھڑکتا ہے
یہی اک آسرا کافی ہے دل کو شاد کرنے میں

الإمام القرطبي وكتابه الجامع لأحكام القرآن الكريم

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعريف بالإمام القرطبي وكتابه الجامع لأحكام القرآن الكريم، حيث يعتبر القرآن الكريم من أعظم المصادر في معرفة اللغة والوقوف على أسرارها، ومايتعلق به من علوم وخصوصا علم التفسير، وقد وضضع لنا الإمام القرطبي مصنفا ثريا على مستوى الكم والكيف، فهو موسوعة جامعة لكل ما يتعلق بالقرآن الكريم، وقد جمع بين دفتي هذا التفسير علوما شتى، وتتمثل مشكلة البحث في أن الإمام القرطبي متمكن نظرا وتطبيقا، كما ظهر في تفسيره، ولكنه مع ذلك لم يعرف نحويا كما عرف فقيها ومحدثا عالما مشاركا في علوم عدة، ويهدف هذا البحث إلى إبراز الإمام القرطبي من حيث اسمه ونسبه وولادته وحياته العلمية، وكتابه الجامع لأحكام القرآن الكريم.

New Results in the Artin Approximation Theory and the Construction of General Neron Desingularization

If everyfinitesystemofpolynomialequationsoveraring R has asolutioninthe ring R if andonlyifithasasolutionin ˆR where ˆR representsthecompletionof R, then wesaythatthering R has the Artinapproximationproperty. M.Artinsetin a numberofconjectures,thefollowingtheoremsolvedoneofthemwhichsays,“an excellentHenselianlocalringhasthepropertyofArtinapproximation”.General Neron Desingularizationisthebaseoftheproof. Let R and R0 beNoetherianrings,foraspecial(thatisregular)morphism u : R ! R0, any R-morphism '' : S ! R0 with afinitetype R-algebra S, factors through an R-algebra T whichissmooth R-algebra, thatis, '' is acomposite Rmorphism of S ! T and T ! R0. The R-algebra T is calledaGeneralN´eron Desingularization (shortlyGND). In ourthesiswegivetheconstructiveproofofGeneralNeronDesingularization for thecasewhen R and R0 are localringsofdimension m and S has abigsmooth locus,wealsogiveauniformGeneralNeronDesingularizationforlocalringsofdi- mension m along withthealgorithmstoconstructtheN´eronDesingularizationin these cases.Anothercontributionisthat,wegivethenestedstrongArtinapproxi- mation.