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Microbiological Analysis of Commercially Available Poultry Feed in Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Tooba Iram

Institute

Virtual University of Pakistan

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Software Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://vspace.vu.edu.pk/detail.aspx?id=175

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676720985758

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Poultry feed samples (Chick feed, Broiler feed, Layer feed and Grower feed) collected from different areas of Pakistan were evaluated for bacterial and fungal contamination. Total Viable count, Total coliform count, Total Staphylococcus Count and Total Salmonella and Shigella count was done. Isolated colonies were identified by Morphological, Biochemical (Gram stain, Catalase, Oxidase and Sugar Fermentation Test) and Molecular (16S rRNA gene) means. Bacteria belonging to seven different genera were isolated. Percentage of positive samples found for each isolate was: Bacillus (100%), Salmonella (10%), Shigella (15%), Staphylococcus (100%), Enterobacter cloacae (5%), Escherichia (90%) and Ralstonia (15%) were isolated from feed samples. The highest contamination was found in chick feed and Total Viable Count (TVC) obtained in chick feed (S1) was 9.1?108CFU/g. Total coliform count (TCC) was found in the range of 0 - 3?108 CFU/g. Total Salmonella count is found to be in the range of 3.5x106 - 3.52?106 CFU/g and total Shigella count was found to be 1.32?105- 6?105 CFU/g.Highest Staphylococcus count was 4.9x108 CFU/g. Isolated fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus.
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مولانا حکیم محمد مختار اصلاحی

آہ ! مولانا حکیم محمد مختار اصلاحی
مولانا حکیم محمد مختار اصلاحی کا انتقال ۱۱؍ جون کو ہوا مگر کچھ پتا نہیں چلا، ممبئی کے اخبار یہاں نہیں آتے، وہاں سے آنے والوں نے بھی اس کا کوئی تذکرہ نہیں کیا، ان کے عزیزوں اور صاحبزادوں کو اتنے جاں کاہ حادثے میں ان کے اس دور افتادہ قدرداں اور نیازمند کا خیال نہیں آیا، جولائی کا ترجمان اصلاحی ۱۱؍ جولائی کو آگیا تھا مگر اسی روز میری چھوٹی بہن نسیمہ اﷲ کو پیاری ہوگئی تھی، کئی روز بعد گھر سے آنے پر اسے کھولا تو سرورق پر حکیم صاحب کی تصویر کے نیچے یہ مصرعہ درج تھا:
؂ آسماں تیری لحد پر شبنم افشانی کرے
دل کا عجیب حال ہوگیا، بہن کا غم تازہ ہی تھا کہ اب اس مسیحا نفس کی بات بھی گئی۔
موت برحق ہے، کسی کو اس سے مفر نہیں، حکیم صاحب تو عمر طبعی کو پہنچ گئے تھے مگر ان کے جیسے کرم فرما اور اپنے سے اس قدر ٹوٹ کر ملنے اور چاہنے والے کا صدمہ ناقابل برداشت تھا، ان کی یاد بھلائے نہیں بھولتی ؂
آئی جو یاد ان کی تو آتی چلی گئی
ہر نقش ما سوا دل سے مٹاتی چلی گئی
وہ ضلع جون پور کے مشہور مردم خیز قصبہ صبر حد میں ۱۵؍ جون ۱۹۱۵؁ء کو ایک متوسط زمیں دار گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے، ان کے والد ممبئی میں رہتے تھے، اردو اور فارسی کی تعلیم دادا کے زیر نگرانی گھر پر ہوئی، اعلاتعلیم مدرستہ الاصلاح سرائے میر میں حاصل کی، جہاں مولانا شبلی متکلم ندوی اور مولانا امین احسن اصلاحی وغیرہ سے درس لیا، جماعت اسلامی ہند کے سابق امیر مولانا ابواللیث اصلاحی ندوی ان کے ہم سبق تھے۔
مدرستہ الاصلاح سے فراغت کے بعد علی گڑھ کے طبیہ کالج میں داخلہ لیا اور ۱۹۳۹؁ء...

Importance of Morality in Islam: Development of Moral Values Through Activities by Parents and Teachers As Agents of Change

This study is descriptive in nature and main focus of this paper is to consult Qur’ān and Ahdiths for understanding the concept of morality. Verses from the Holy Qur’ān and sayings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him) are consulted to portray a paramount role of parents and teachers that is played as family and public institutions respectively. Moral values like, good manners, respect, loyalty, truth, altruism, reliability, fairness, cooperation, collaboration, honesty, companionship, decency, acceptance, compliance, love, patience and forgiveness are also studied in the light of Qur’ān and Ahdiths. As an end product, inculcation of moral values in youth by their parents and teachers is also delineated.

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