Socio-Cultural Analysis of Moral Ethics Syllabi at Under-Graduate Level to Manage the Blasphemy Issue in Pakistan

In the context of blasphemy issue, the present study examines the socio-cultural elements in the Moral Ethics syllabi functional at the different universities of Pakistan. As per our hypothesis, ME syllabi lack some important socio-cultural elements responsible for handling hate crimes, especially the issue of blasphemy. For testing the proposed hypothesis, available ME syllabi were collected from the official websites of different universities. Collected ME syllabi were examined through the method of content analysis. After examining literature review, necessary socio-cultural factors (SCFs) were listed and the selected syllabi were evaluated through this list of SCFs. Our study findings endorse the primary hypothesis that majority of universities has adopted the foreign model of ME syllabi without adapting them according to indigenous social and cultural needs. Additionally, the most important SCFs; knowledge of blasphemy laws (KBL) and real-life dilemmas (RLD), are mostly absent in the existing ME syllabi.

Impact of Behavioral Elements on Investment Decisions of Financial Managers An empirical Investigation From Financial Sector of Pakistan

The most crucial stage in the life of financial managers is to take investment decisions. So it is important to understand all the factors necessary for making investment decisions. With the advent of behavioral finance it becomes compulsory to study behaviors of investors and the financial managers. Behavior has great impact on investment decisions. The behavioral elements like risk averse attitude, corporate governance effect, use of financial measurement tools and the heuristics need to study. The aim of the study is to find the influence of these behavioral elements on investment decisions of financial managers. The financial sector of Pakistan was our population and the target was financial institutions like investment firms, insurance companies, banks and individual investors. A sample of 200 financial managers was taken. For the data analysis purpose, first of all descriptive statistics was used to calculate the basic characteristics of the data in summarized form. The reliability was checked through Cronbach's Alpha test. The relationship of the variables was assessed by Pearson correlation method. The results were significant and the variables were highly correlated. The significance results clearly defined the significant changes in dependent variable. The null hypothesis is rejected. So this study concluded that there is strong and positive impact of behavioral elements. In spite of various sophisticated financial measuring tools these behavioral elements have great importance for financial decision making. The study is helpful for investor especially taking financial decision and managing portfolios of financial assets.