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Detection of Babesia Ovis Through Polymerase Chain Reaction in Sheep and Goat from District Bahawalpur

Thesis Info

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Author

Mehnaz Akhtar

Institute

Virtual University of Pakistan

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Software Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://vspace.vu.edu.pk/detail.aspx?id=222

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676720998857

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The infection of Ovine babesia is considered as a tick-borne disease that is caused by a haematotropic parasite belonging to the genus babesia. Main infection in small ruminants (goat and sheep) is caused by three babesia species. The sickness caused by genus Babesia ovis (B .ovis) is very horrific mostly in goat and sheep and causes rigorous infection that is characterized by fever, anemia. The present study was carried on to become aware of B.ovis through PCR within the blood samples of small ruminants at Bahawalpur district. Total one Hundred blood samples of sheep and goat randomly were gathered from different areas of district Bahawalpur. Blood smear slides were prepared and analyzed through microscope. DNA was extracted by inorganic method. PCR amplification was done using specific set of primers for babesia species and results were studied through gel electrophoresis. Overall prevalence of babesia species was 18% by microscopy. Area wise percentages of microscopy tests were also calculated. 18% (18/100)Jamalpur 10% (1/10), Hasilpur 30%( 3/10), Khairpur 10% (1/10), Qaimpur 10% (1/10), Lal sohanra 20% (2/10), Lal sohanra park 30% (3/10), Yazman mandi 10%( 1/10), Rajkan 20% (2/10), Ahmad pur East 20%( 2/10), Uch Sharif 20% (2/10). PCR showed11% (11/100) positive result in sheep and goat (10% (1/10) in Jamalpur, 20% (2/10) in Khairpur 10% (1/10) in Qaimpur , 0% (0/10) in Lal sohanra , 10% (1/10) in Lalsohara park , 20% (2/10) in Yazman mandi 0%(0/10), Rajkan 10%(1/10), Ahmad pur 10%(1/10) and in Uch sharif 20%(2/10). The specificity and sensitivity of PCR was 100% in findings of B.ovis as compared to microscopy which showed 18% (18/100) sensitivity and 100% specificity was pragmatic. The study reveals that PCR is the additional sensitive technique in designation against babesiosis as compared to research and counseled it for field application in district Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. However, safety measures are required in order to domesticate the small ruminants like sheep and goat from such pathogenic parasites.
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شاہی قلعہ

شاہی قلعہ

شاہی قلعہ کے یہ کھنڈرات پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کی ظلم و جبر کے خلاف ایک طویل جان گسل جد وجہد کی یاد دلاتے ہیں ۔کامریڈ امتیاز خان جو کہ لندن میں رہتے ہیں راولپنڈی میں محلے دار ہونے کے ساتھ ساتھ شاہی قلعہ میںبھی ہمسایہ تھے پاکستان گئے تو چند تصایر پوسٹ کر کے پرانی تلخ مگر خوبصورت یادیں تازہ کر دیں دن کو اگر یہ شاہی قلعہ تشدد مارپیٹ کی آوزوں سے گونجتا تھا تو شام ہوتے ہی ترانوں گانوں اور باتوں کی محفلیں سج جاتیں ۔جیالے پنجاب بھر سے گرفتار کر کے لائے جاتے رہے آخر شاہی قلعہ کے سیل کم پڑگئے تو 20نئے سیل بنانے پڑ گئے بہت سو کو تو لال قلعہ لاہور منتقل کیا گیا ۔اب سنا ہے کہ عقوبت خانوں کا یہ حصہ گر ا دیا گیا لیکن میں سمجھتا ہوںکہ اسے دوبارہ تعمیر ہو نا چاہیے کہ آنے والی نسلوں کو بتا سکیں کہ مارشل لا ء کے خاتمہ اور جمہوریت کے لیے جنگ لڑنے والوں کو کہاں اور کیسے رکھا جاتا تھا ۔

 

Frequency of depression and anxiety among heart failure patients in a tertiary care hospital of Faisalabad, Pakistan Depression & anxiety among cardiac patients

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic illness with high prevalence and mortality, leading toeconomic burden ofhealth due to prolonged hospital stay and re-admissions. Failure to comprehend the importance of identifying mental illnesses could lead to explanations that why the morbidity and mortality of heart failure patients endure to be very high. Objective: To determine the frequency of anxiety and depression in heart failure patients. Methods: It is a descriptive cross sectional study including 323 CHF patients admitted to the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology hospital, 250 were males and 73 were females, mean age was 54.1 ± 9.2 years having 70 years as maximum and 25 years as minimum.  Data was collected with the help of HADS questionnaire. Patients were interviewed for assessment of anxiety and depression. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for quantitative data and for qualitative data frequency and percentageswas calculated. To measure the association of anxiety and depression with age categories and gender, chi square test was used. P values less than and equal to 0.05 were taken as significant. Results: The results showed that 43% subjects had <11 score indicating no anxiety, 57% had >11score indicating anxiety. 45% subjects had<11 score indicating no depression, 55% had >11score indicating depression. Conclusions: The study concluded that frequency of depression and anxiety is high in congestive heart failure patients. Strategies are required to assess and diagnose these mental illnesses to establish early treatment which may foster multidisciplinary health care team approach and interventions that address the psychological burden.

Moropho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Rice Oryza Sativa L. to Saline Stress.

Salinization is one of the environmental factorthat limits growth as well as yield of rice plants. Under stress tolerance plants change their growth along with various physiological and biochemical change. These changesresulted as activated signaling cascade and metabolic pathways. In this study, phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitors i.e. Neomycin(control and 100 µM) and U-73122 (Ethanol and 100 µM) were used as foliar applicationon rice (Bas-385, Bas-2000, Bas-370 and Shaheen) in saline conditions(control, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl). The trials were conducted in complete randomize design using four replications. Data for range of attributeshas been determined at vegetative and reproductive growth stage.Sodium chloridedecreased growth, water and osmotic potential, gas exchange characteristics, total soluble proteins and yield attributes while it increased chlorophyll a and b content, chlorophyll fluorescence, shoot root sodium, potassium, calcium ions, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glycinebetaine (GB) leaf free proline, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in both experiments. Foliar application of neomycin decreased shoot fresh weight, chlorophyll a, b, Fv/Fm, stomatal conductance (gs), water and osmotic potential, root potassium, shoot calcium, MDA, H2O2, proteins while it increased shoot length, electron transport rate (ETR), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), co-efficient of non-photochemical quenching (qN), photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), shoot sodium, potassium, GB, free proline, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, SOD, POD, CAT, total number fertile tillers. Foliar applied U-73122 increased growth, chlorophyll a contents, qN, E, turgor pressure and sodium, potassium and calcium level, H2O2, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, grain number and 100 grains weight.It decreased chlorophyll b, A, water use efficiency (A/E), water and osmotic potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, free proline, MDA, proteins, SOD and POD activity and root calcium ion accumulation. Of all rice cultivars in the first experiment cv. Bas-2000 proved to be best in growth and yield attributes. In the second experiment cv. Bas-370 showed better results for growth, water relations and enzymatic antioxidant at both growth stages.