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Home > Assessment of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation and Haematological Alteration in Cirrhinus Mrigala, Oreochromis Mossambicus and Sperata Serwari Species at Islam Barrage of Sutlej River

Assessment of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation and Haematological Alteration in Cirrhinus Mrigala, Oreochromis Mossambicus and Sperata Serwari Species at Islam Barrage of Sutlej River

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Tariq Javid

Institute

Virtual University of Pakistan

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Software Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://vspace.vu.edu.pk/detail.aspx?id=230

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676721000908

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River Sutlej is the most polluted river at this point in South Asia. Noticeable quantity of metals is thrown into this water body. Among them, the notable pollutants are heavy metals. These heavy metals are accumulating in the different organs of fish and have adverse effects. The present work was attempted for assessing some heavy metals pollution in River Sutlej that also accumulates in the different organs of edible fishes captured at Islam Barrage. Sediments, water and fish samples were collected in both winter and summer seasons. The concentration of heavy metals including the Chromium, lead and iron, copper, nickel and cadmium were estimated through atomic absorption studies in all the water, sediments and organs of Cirrhinus mrigala, Oreochromis mossambicus and Sperata sarwari. Physico-chemical parameters of water were tested to check level of nitrates, dissolved gases and PH. Haemotological analysis and micronucleus tests were conducted for sampled fish. Data was analyzed statistically and represented as Mean? SD and compared through ANOVA using MSTAT computer packages. The results of physiochemical parameters revealed that the levels of all the parameters under observation in the summer season were found elevated but two factors dissolved oxygen and PH were found less in summer season than the winter season. Presence of heavy metals in sediments sampled in both summer and winter seasons showed that the concentrations of different metals in the winter seasons were slightly higher as compared to the summer season because in winter the link canals add less water in river and more pollutants are poured by different industries into the river. It was concluded that these heavy metals in the form of waste is added into this river from different factories present near kasur city of Pakistan.
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ہر رگِ جاں سے پکار آئی ترےؐ آنے سے


ہر رگِ جاں سے پکار آئی ، ترےؐ آنے سے
’’دل کی دنیا میں بہار آئی ترےؐ آنے سے‘‘

شانۂ زیست پہ جو بوجھ تھا گمراہی کا
بوجھ اپنا وہ اُتار آئی ، ترےؐ آنے سے

زلفِ ہستی میں تھی صدیوں سے غضب کی اُلجھن
خود کو وہ آج سنوار آئی ، ترےؐ آنے سے

ابنِ آدمؑ کو ملا نورِ ہدایت کا چراغ
روشنی جب سوئے غار آئی ، ترےؐ آنے سے

وہ جو عرفانؔ ! بھنور میں تھے پریشان بہت
اُن کی کشتی بھی ہے پار آئی ، ترےؐ آنے سے

External and Internal Factors of Political-Religious Violence and Pakistan’s Role: Unravel Threats for the Security of Modern Islamic State

Political scientists and Islamic philosophers have long been discussing the different phenomena of violence. This article analyzes external and internal factor of violence in Pakistan, interpreting the religious and political dimension of the violence. The presence of external and more specifically internal factors are the real threats for the security of the country. Building from theoretical approaches, I fielded two dimensions of the political-religious violence, violence inside the country and outside the country. It is found out, on the one hand, that the both dimensions can be met with the profound enforcement of the law. On the other hand, both dimensions of the violence can be the big contributory factors of violence due to the poor promulgation of the law. Unjust political-religious dispensation inside the country rise the frustration, and outside support make it fertile and leads it towards violence. It is proposed that on equity bases, political-religious deprivation and absolute deprivation of the minority elite class can be disposed of. I also come up with balanced educational system, which should be the blend of traditionalism and modernism for the fulfilment of our spiritual dimension and for the greater understanding of our political-religious outlook.

Evaluation of Biological Properties of A-Tocopherol Acetate Loaded Bi-Layered Membranes in Wound Healing Applications and Skin Regeneration

With an increase in the demand for skin regeneration products, there is a noticeable increase in developing such materials that have novel properties, ability to heal wounds and to regenerate skin. It has also been observed that antioxidants play an important role in anti-inflammatory reactions, cellular proliferation and remodeling phase of wound healing. Keeping under consideration all of these factors, a novel a-tocopherol acetate/vitamin E (VE) loaded bi-layered electrospun membrane, based on lower polycaprolactone (PCL) layer and upper polylactic acid (PLA) layer, was fabricated through electrospinning. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in vitro degradation studies, swelling studies and VE release studies were performed to check out the structural, physical and in vitro behavior of membranes. Biological properties of membranes were evaluated through cell proliferation assay, cell adhesion studies, live/dead cell assay and wound healing assay. SEM images showed that the average diameter of nanofibers ranged from 1um-6um while addition of VE changed the diameter and morphology of fibers. Bi-layered membranes showed significant swelling behavior through water uptake and membranes loaded with 30% VE showed 8.7% and 6.8% degradation in lysozyme and H2O2 respectively. 20% and 30% VE loaded membranes followed Kosmeyer-Peppas and first order drug release kinetics followed by non-fickian drug release kinetics. Membranes showed non-toxic behavior and supported cell proliferation via alamar blue assay, cell adhesion via SEM, cell viability via live/dead assay and wound healing by scratch assay. Results showed that large surface area of nanofibers, porous structure and biocompatible nature will provide potential application of these bi-layered electrospun membranes in wound healing.