منشی میراں بخش
منشی میراں بخش جلوہ انیسویں صدی کے ربع آخر میں سیالکوٹ میں اردو میں شعرو شاعری کرتے تھے۔ انجمنِ حمایتِ اسلام کے جلسوں میں شریک ہوتے ہوئے نظمیں پڑھتے تھے۔ آپ سراج الاخبار(جہلم) کے سیالکوٹ میں نمائندہ تھے۔ جلوہ کے پانچ شعری مجموعے گلشنِ نعت‘ جلوہ حق‘ تحفہ جلوہ‘ نوحہ جلوہ‘ دیوان جلوہ اور ایک نثری کتاب جو جلوہ کی شعری تصانیف کے بارے میں معلومات فراہم کرتی ہے۔ شائع ہو چکی ہیں۔(۵۱) جلوہ کی مذکورہ بالا کتب نایاب ہیں۔
مولانا عبد المجید سالک اپنی تالیف’’ذکرِ اقبال‘‘ میں جلوہ سیالکوٹی کے بارے میں لکھتے ہیں:
ایک شاعر منشی میراں بخش جلوہ سیالکوٹی تھے جو اکثر انجمنِ حمایتِ اسلام میں بھی آ کر نظمیں پڑھا کرتے تھے۔ نہ جانے کہاں سے شعر کہنے کی لت پڑ گئی۔ شعر کیا تھے پکوڑے تل لیا کرتے تھے۔ ان دنوں خزانے کے ایک کلرک اہلِ زبان تھے جلوہ صاحب ان کو اکثر شعر سنایا کرتے تھے۔ ایک روز انہوں نے تنگ آ کر کہا بھائی جلوہ تمہارے شعروں سے چھیچھڑوں کی بو آتی ہے۔ جلوہ صاحب تائو کھا کر شاہ صاحب کی خدمت میں حاضر ہوئے اور ان کو اپنے اشعار سنا کر پوچھا کہ یہ اشعار کیسے ہیں شاہ صاحب۔ شاہ صاحب سے مراد مولوی سید میر حسن ہیں ‘ نے فرمایا سچ پوچھتے ہو تو تم نے شعروں کا جھٹکا کر دیا ہے۔(۵۲)
میراں بخش جلوہ فن تاریخ گوئی میں مہارت رکھتے تھے۔ شاعرِ کشمیر منشی محمد دین فوق کے چچا منشی غلام محمد خادم کا بیٹا محمود فوت ہوا تو جلوہ نے کئی تاریخیں کہیں جن میں سے ایک یہ ہے:
مر گیا جلوہ جو خادم کا پسر
نام تھا محمود اور تھانیک خو
کیوں نہ خادم روئے سر کو پیٹ کر
مل گیا ہے خاک...
The topic of ‘Sacred role (Seerat)’ with the affinity of the Rasool (saw) having significance, status and vast acceptance is undoubtedly beyond expression. If we make analysis of a religious literature, we find most of its part consisting on such topics that are directly affiliated with the silent features of the personality of the Rasool (saw). In storehouse of knowledge and architecture of the world ‘Art of Sacred role’ has attained its prominent supremacy. The beginning of this art was based on the details of Ghazwat in Islam but with the passage of time, it was enlarged in such a way that a great piece of literary work on ‘Sacred role’ has been pin pointed in sub-continent. Many literate of persona put forth their pens on this topic out of whom Noor Bakhsh Tawakli is also the most famous name who wrote a with title of “Seerat Rasool-e-Arabi” on the personality of Rasool. The expression of the affection and following of the Rasool (saw) by Noor Bakhsh Tawakli is expressed by the leaves of this book. He is best known for his popular for this book which has its own status in this field. He wrote the book in the era during which the western civilization had strangled the youth of that time. Materialism was in its climax. A great piece of strife was being made to disintegrate the true bond of affection and following of the Rasool (saw) but the profundity of learning, recognition of knowledge, strict eye on the present condition of that time and the salient factors of love of the Rasool (saw) were quite dominant in this book. The leaves of which were enriched with the florescence of love and affection of Rasool(saw).
The main objective of this study was to discover new cancer chemopreventive and cytotoxic compounds from the natural sources to combat cancer. For the purpose, after an extensive survey based on the information gathered from local healers, six medicinally-important plants of Pakistan were selected for investigation. These plants included Euphorbia wallichii Hook F., Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb, Acer oblongifolium Hort. ex Dippel, Aster thomsonii C. B. Clarke, Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl) Haw. and Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal. For initial screening, total 59 extracts/fractions were prepared by using the different techniques including maceration, solvent-solvent extraction, flash column chromatography and solid phase extraction. All the extracts/fractions were tested for their anticancer and cancer chemopreventive activity by employing seven independent assays. Overall the results of the initial screening were very encouraging and led to the selection of the most potent plant material for further investigation. NFĸB activity plays a critical role in cancer development, progression and therapy and two of our samples from Withania coagulans demonstrated greater than 90% inhibition of TNF-α induced activity of NFĸB. Aromatase inhibitors are known to be effective for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. One fraction from aerial parts of each plant, W. coagulans and Euphorbia wallichii, inhibited aromatase by 100% and 73%, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays critical role in inflammation, cell survival and tumor development and progression. Five of our samples, one from aerial parts of E. wallichii, one from Aster thomsonii, and three from fruit bearing aerial parts of W. coagulans, inhibited NO production significantly in lipopolysaccharide activated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells as a marker of iNOS inhibitor. No extracts or fractions was deemed active in RXRE assay. DPPH free radical scavenger has potential use to scavenge oxygen free radicals, which are the product of normal cellular metabolism and can attack and produce endogenous DNA lesions leading to genotoxicity, mutation and cancer. A total of 25 extracts/fractions exhibited ≥ 70% scavenging at 200 μg/ml concentration in DPPH assay, among them 13 were from roots and aerial parts of E. wallichii, 5 from B. ciliata, 6 from A. oblongifolium and one from A. thomsonii. QR1 is measured as overall representative of the phase II enzymes. Phase xiii Abstract II enzymes are primarily responsible for the metabolic detoxification of chemical carcinogens and other harmful oxidants, leading to the protection of cells against redox cycling, oxidative stress, and carcinogenesis. Therefore, induction of QR1 at the tumor initiation stage is suggestive for cancer prevention potential. A total of 10 extracts/fractions demonstrated potent induction of QR1 in a cell-based assay with CD (concentration required to double the enzyme activity) <10 μg/ml among them one is from A. oblongifolium and 9 from W. coagulans. A total of 8 extracts and fractions showed cytotoxicity in an SRB assay against MCF-7, LU-1 and MDA-MB 231 cancer cell lines, among them 3 are from E. waliichii and 5 from the W. coagulans. The overall results suggested that W. coagulans might be the most promising plant for further studies as the extracts/fractions from this plant showed highest and significant activity in most of the assays. After the initial screening, W. coagulans was selected to pursue further for isolation and purification of the pharmacologically relevant compounds. For this purpose, total 10 kg dry weight of the W. coagulans aerial part was extracted, fractionated and subjected to biological evaluation in the above described assays to confirm the biological activities and to find the most active fractions. Active fractions were further processed through sequential bioactivity guided fractionation utilizing various chromatographic techniques, which led to isolation of 9 biologically active pure compounds. Structure elucidation of these compounds was carried by utilizing mass spectrometry (MS), one dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D-NMR), and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) techniques. Structural elucidation showed that these compounds belong to a very important, biologically active and chemically distinct class of natural products known as “withanolides”. On the basis of existing reports and spectroscopic results it is concluded that out of these 9 compounds 3 are new and 6 are already known withanolides. This study is a contribution towards the exploration of new withanolides as well as their potential use in cancer chemopreventive and anticancer drug discovery.