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Home > Prevalence of H9 Avian Influenza Virus Among Poultry Workers in District Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Prevalence of H9 Avian Influenza Virus Among Poultry Workers in District Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Shahinshah

Institute

Virtual University of Pakistan

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Software Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://vspace.vu.edu.pk/detail.aspx?id=261

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676721009188

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Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9 carries great zoonotic potential and human infections have been reported in influenza endemic countries. To the best of our knowledge, very little is known of seroprevalence of H9 in human population in Pakistan. The main intention with which the current study conducted to report the prevalence of the H9 virus among the poultry workers and to add a new piece of knowledge to its prevalence in Pakistan which is the first step taken for before control measures can be executed.Overall 325 sera samples were obtained from poultry encounterd population and a general publicfrom January 2018 to September 2018 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Haemagglutinin-inhibiting (HI) assay was performed to determine the seropositivity for serum samples. Overall seroprevalence level of anti-H9 antibody titres was 12 % (39/325) in occupational individuals and general population (control group). Anti-H9 antibody titres was 8.8%, 8.% and 34.1% in age groups of 16-39, 40-59 and >60 years respectively of poultry-exposed workers. On the other hand, anti-H9 antibody titres of general population was 25% and 16.6% in age groups of 16-39 and 40-59 respectively. Interestingly, anti-H9 antibody titres in the general population among 16?39 was 25% and among 40?59 was 16.6%. The highest percentage of sero-positivity (13.7%) of antibody titer to H9N2 was found in the poultry butchers followed by poultry farm workers 11.4%. The lowest seropositivity (7.1%) was recorded in veterinarian. Serum samples from males revealed significantly higher anti-H9 antibody titre (12.4%) than females (8.5%).It revealed that antibody titer of butcher, had significant (P<0.05) difference from antibody titer of poultry salesmen and veterinarians but non-significant difference from poultry farm workers. Antibody titer of butcher had differed significantly (P<0.05) as compared to group of general population. In the control group (general population group), 17 individual (68%) had no detectable antibody titer against H9N2 and only 12% people had antibody titer of = 1:40. To recapitulate, our findings revealed poential transmission AIV H9 subtype from avian to humans and highlighted that poultry professional linked people are at great risk of AIV infections than general population. Hence, further detailed and more systemic approaches to study seroprevalence ofH9N2 AIV infections in human and live poultry population in all over Pakistan is recommended to determine the relations between clinical significance and seropisitivity in humnas and identify possible solutions to reduce the transmission of AIV in poultry workerfrom live poultry.
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ڈاکٹر سید محی الدین زورؔ قادری

ڈاکٹر سید محی الدین زور قادری
اردو زبان کے مشہور خدمت گذار اور نامور صاحبِ قلم ڈاکٹر سید محی الدین زور قادری کی وفات دنیائے اردو کا بڑا سانحہ ہے، انھوں نے علمی اور عملی دونوں حیثیتوں سے اردو زبان و ادب کی بڑی خدمت کی، وہ دکن کے مولوی عبدالحق اور دکنیات کے خصوصیت کے ساتھ بڑے ماہر تھے، قدیم دکھنی اردو کی بہت سی نادر کتابیں انھوں نے شائع کیں، ان کاسب سے بڑا کارنامہ ادارۂ ادبیاتِ اردو حیدرآباد ہے، اس ادارہ نے اردو زبان و ادب کی جو گوناگوں خدمات انجام دیں، اس کی مثال اردو کے اس کی عمر کے اداروں میں نہیں مل سکتی، اس کی․․․․․․․ حیثیت دکن میں وہی ہے، جو شمالی ہند میں انجمن ترقی اردو ہند کی ہے اور آج اندھراپردیش میں اردو کا وجود اور اس کا وقار اسی ادارے کے دم سے قائم ہے، ڈاکٹر زور کی مستقل تصانیف اور ان کی مرتب اور شائع کردہ کتابوں کی تعداد ایک درجن سے زیادہ ہوگی، وہ حیدرآباد کے ایک خانوادۂ مشائخ سے تعلق رکھتے تھے، اسی نسبت سے اپنے نام کے ساتھ قادری لکھتے تھے، اور اس سلسلہ کو انھوں نے قائم بھی رکھا تھا، چناچہ ان کے بڑے صاحبزادے ان کی خاندانی خانقاہ کے سجادہ نشین ہیں، مگر ان کی علمی و ادبی شہرت نے ان کی اس حیثیت کو اتنا چھپا دیا تھا کہ اس کا علم بھی بہتوں کو نہیں ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۶۲ء)

 

Moral Dichotomy: Coetzee’s Stance on Moral Dilemma in Postmodernist Society in Disgrace

Coetzee anticipates the moral dilemma of today's individuals, in order to achieve his aim torevert the current trends in moral philosophy which has marked morality with individual partialities. The morality of self/will has pervaded in the society with substantial philosophical argumentation as well. This research intends to study Dionysian morality in comparison with modern (Appolonian) principles of morality as presented by Coetzee. The research is planned to differentiate the two by presenting their roots with logical reasons; Nietzsche's conception of morality and the need of Freudian repression. In the context of Disgrace Coetzee developed his moral theory through circumstantial justice with such a force that all reasons given by Overman (Übermensch) of Nietzsche fail. The paper will unveil the relationship of power and the need for justice. Coetzee proves the importance of Freudian Repression Theory that makes everybody responsible for the concord in a society. The cultivation of Dionysian concept of life only brings disgrace to man, and such philosophies can only be supported when the individual is in power, vulnerability in the society makes man to understand the value of morality and exercise of proper judicial system. South Africal context of the novel situates the anticipation of Dionysian cult in more understanding way to the audience. To avoid social Darwinism, state institutions should come in action in order to ensure the equal power distribution among the masses. Uneven distribution of power creates only oppressors and victims in the society, which further lead society to chaos. Coetzee proves the importance of circumstantial justice over the institutional justice, as institutional justice can punish only but the transformation of transgressor only takes place with circumstantial justice and for the betterment of society, transformation provides better results than punishment because institutions do create a different power structures that also work to suppress people.

قوموں کے عروج و زوال کے اسباب قرآن مجید کے تناظر میں

This is a research-based effort, an attempt to illuminate heart with the light of Qur'anic knowledge and to enable human mind to have a clearer vision of the matter in this divine light. Worthwhile research already exists on this topic but I ventured to write with the faith that those who have quest for knowledge can get satisfactory answer for all the questions emerging in their minds. The writer explored the word "Nation" and explained the meanings of "rise and fall" after that the ummahs of all the prophets termed as nations with ages when human society got organized have been discussed. The nations whose rise and fall have been discussed in Holy Quran either in detail or briefly become main stay of this thesis. It begins with the rise and fall of Hazrat Idrees's (A.S) nation as his period is regarded as the beginning of organized human society. This nation started its march in the sagacious leadership of Hazrat Idrees (A.S). this nation never suffered degradation as it remained obedient to the prophet and his commandments: Besides Holy Qur'an, Hadith has also been consulted as saying of the Holy Prophet an explanatory to Holy Qur'an. In this way all the prophets down to Hazrat Ismail (A.S) have been discussed. From Hazrat Ishaq's (A.S) prophethood, leadership and kingship were vested in his posterity. Their separate accounts make the work bulky. So after Hazrat Yaqoob (A.S) all the nations have been combined under the name of Israelites to study the causes of their rise and fall. Hazrat Ishaq (A.S) has been blended as father of Israelites. All the prophets till Hazrat Isa (A.S) belong to Israelites so they have been combined for the sake of discussion. After that the most remarkable nation belongs to the Holy Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H). So the causes of rise and fall of Mulsim nation have been combined. If we study carefully, the mention of rise and fall of others is only as a warning to the ummah of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) so that they may continue their upward journey. In the last chapter, comparative study of causes of rise and fall between western thinkers and those given by Holy Qur'an is given: this comparative study includes three thinkers: - The book of Dr. Micheal The rise and fall of nations; how Christians interpret History. - Edward Gibbon's book Decline and fall of Roman Empire. - A Study of History by Toynbee. The crux of these three books is compared with the Qur'anic perspective of this topic. A lot of stuff is available on this topic.