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Isolation of Newcastle Disease Viruses from Live Birds Markets and National Zoological Parks in Lahore District

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhammad Awais

Institute

Virtual University of Pakistan

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Software Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://vspace.vu.edu.pk/detail.aspx?id=321

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676721023285

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Avian orthoavulaviruse-1 (AOAV-1) including highly pathogenic strains, pose severe economic and animal health concerns in developing countries. Live Bird Markets (LBMs) in Asian countries are considered as hubs for the spread and maintenance of different avian infectious diseases. In developing countries, poultry trade is characterized by complex chains comprising of many factors with limited biosecurity. In Pakistan, there is lack of uniformity in practices used in LBMs, leading to heavy impact in the spread of the disease. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to identify risk factors associated with AOAV-1 infections and their genetic characterization in LBMs from eight-towns of Lahore district during 2016-2018. A total of 189 poultry stalls (n=1015 birds) distributed in eight-towns were visited and a pool of 5-6 oropharyngeal swab samples was collected from each stall and tasted by RT-PCR for the Fusion (F) gene. Ninety-one (91) of 189 swab samples were found positive for AOAV-1s.The overall prevalence of the AOAV-1in poultry stalls was 48.14% (95% Cl = 41.13-55.24) observed. Data for eleven potential risk factors acquired through detailed questionnaires were analyzed by survey-weighted logistic regression and prevalence odds ratios (OR) for associated risk factors were calculated. A total of 24 AOAV-1 isolates were sequenced to examine the circulating genotype through complete F-gene. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates belonged to sub-genotype VIIi, genotype VII class II. This study provides important information on epidemiology and control of AOAV-Iin Pakistan and highlights the importance of implementing surveillances and biosecurity practices in LBMs.
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پروفیسر ایم ایم شریف

پروفیسر ایم۔ایم شریف
پروفیسر ایم۔ایم شریف اگرچہ اصلاً پنجابی تھے لیکن درحقیقت وہ تھے علی گڑھ کاسرمایۂ گراں پایہ۔ وہ یہاں طالبِ علم رہے، پھر فلسفہ کے پروفیسر اورصدر شعبہ ہوئے۔یونیورسٹی کے پرووائس چانسلر بھی بنے اوراپنے علم وفضل، اخلاق وعادات اورہمدردی ومحبت کے باعث یونیورسٹی کی سوسائٹی میں نہایت مقبول اور ہردلعزیز ہوکر رہے،تقسیم کے بعد علی گڑھ کی یہ دولت پاکستان منتقل ہوگئی تواب اُن کے تحقیقی اورتصنیفی جوہر کھلے، چنانچہ ادب، فلسفہ اوراسلامیات پر انھوں نے انگریزی اور اُردو میں اتنی فکرانگیز اورمحققانہ کتابیں اورمقالات لکھے جوایک مصنف کے فخر کرنے اور اس کو علم وادب کی دنیا میں زندہ جاوید بنانے کے لیے کافی ہیں۔ اسی بناء پر اُن کو پاکستان میں علمی اعزاز بھی بڑے سے بڑاحاصل ہوا،ادارۂ ثقافتِ اسلامی کے ڈائرکٹر ہوئے،پاکستان فلاسفکل کانگریس کے صدر چُنے گئے،پنجاب یونیوسٹی میں فیکلٹی آف آرٹس کے ڈین مقرر ہوئے۔ان کاقلم بڑا شگفتہ نگار اورباغ وبہار تھا۔ طبعاً اپنے نام کی طرح نہایت شریف اوراعلیٰ اخلاق وکردار کے انسان تھے۔راقم الحروف کی پہلی ملاقات اُس وقت ہوئی تھی جبکہ مسلم یونی ورسٹی کی انجمن تمدن وتاریخِ اسلامی کی دعوت پر۴۰ء میں راقم نے یونیورسٹی کے یونین ہال میں عمر میں پہلی مرتبہ ’’مسلمانوں کے زوال کے اسباب‘‘ پرتقریر کی تھی اورپروفیسر محمد شریف مرحوم نے اُس جلسہ کی صدارت کی تھی ۔تقسیم کو داد دیجیے کہ موصوف کاانتقال ہوگیااوراس کی اطلاع ہم کوکئی ماہ کے بعد ابھی پچھلے دنوں لاہور کے ماہنامہ ثقافت کے چار مہینوں کے یکجائی نمبرسے ہوئی، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم کومغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے نوازے ۔
[جولائی ۱۹۶۶ء]

Optimizing Sensory Loads Using a Sensory Processing Skills Therapy among Autistic Spectrum Disorder

IntroductionSensory integration therapy can improve language skills, attention, and social interactions in children with ASD. However, it is also important to note that research in this field is ongoing, and more studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of these therapies. The present study is aimed to identify the effects of occupational therapy-based sensory processing skill therapies in improving the autism severity and QoL among ASD children. MethodologyThe intervention was performed for 12 weeks, six sessions per week, each based on 60 minutes of duration. The treatment protocol comprised four sensory processing skills in which Each child was trained on every skill for 15 minutes, making a total of 60 minutes of duration for a single session. ResultsSignificant improvements in CARS, CGAS and PedsQL (p<0.001) were observed after 12-weeks of intervention. ConclusionSensory processing skills therapies are a practical treatment approach in optimizing sensory load among ASD children.   DOI: https: //doi. Org/10.59564/amrj/01.01/005

Diversity of Bombus Species Apidae: Hymenoptera and Utilization of Food Resources in Northern Pakistan

In agricultural habitat 10 bumblebee species were recorded. Of which 68.62% bumblebees were dominated by five species viz., B. asiaticus, B. melanurus, B. rufofasciatus, B. semenovianus and B. tunicatus. B. asiaticusatus, B. semenovianus, B. rufofasciatus, B. melanurus, B. avinoviellus, B. kashmirensis, B. subtypicus, B. haemorrhoidalis and B. himalayanus were encountered abundantly. However, in non- agricultural habitat 13 bumblebee species were recorded and more than 50% bumblebees were dominated by four species viz., B. asiaticus, B. avinoviellus, B. biroi and B. haemorrhoidalis. Significant variations were observed in the species richness of non- agricultural habitat but none in case of abundance at habitat level. However, same was true in case of non-cropped area as compared to cropped area in agricultural habitat which reflected the importance of non-cropped area as a refuge area for the development of bumblebee colonies which ultimately play a vital role in the pollination of crops, increasing their quality and quantity. Trifolium alexandrinum. Medicago sativa and Solanum tuberosum were the important only plant species which were visited by all bumblebee species in the cropped area. Cana indica, Centaurea cyanus, Cirsium sp., Dahlia x hybrid, Delphinium brunonianum, Geranium spp., Lonicera periclymenum, Prunella vulgaris, Ranunculus sp., Rosa spp., Rosa webbiana and Stachys spp were recorded in non cropped area. Similarly, the Impatiens spp. attracted significantly maximum bumblebees followed by Centaurea cyanus, Ranunculus sp., Artemisia dracunculus and Tamarix gaelic in non agricultural habitat. Forage species separated in to two conspicuous groups depending upon their utilization by bumblebees as a short and long- tongued bumblebees. Long- tongued bumblebees (B. haemorrhoidalis, B. asiaticus and B. melanuorus) were only attracted to Ranunculus sp., Raphanus raphanistrum, Centaurea cyanus, Prunella vulgaris, Cana indica, Stachys spp., Cirsium sp., Trifolium pretense, Delphinium brunonianum and Lonicera periclymenum. However, strong winds hindered the foraging activities of B. avinoviellus and B. biroi especially at Naltar.