تحریف قرآن پر عقلی و نقلی دلائل کا تنقیدی جائزہ

The ECE teaching in pre-primary schools is enhanced by the Government in primary schools the student must be 3-8 years’ classes of Pakistan. This subject is a source of learning to know the things as well as to familiar with the school environments and connected to schools same time will be a responsible citizen, so the mosques are playing very important role in teaching of little kids from beginning of Islam to till date. It is more successfully working in our mosques and provide basic education for learner, so in this study found out the effectiveness of mosques for ECE pre-primary education SBA, Sindh  Pakistan for this study sample was selected from the school teachers which were consist on 100 hundred  and five like rate scale questioners were distributed among them to know the effectiveness of mosques for ECE education according the finding most the respondent were agreed that the mosques will be the suitable place for little kids learning place because mostly every  colony, muhalla, village, street had a mosque and almost one or two rooms are also connected to mosques only few mosques where this facility is not avail able otherwise mostly these mosques  is also  a big class room if it is used carefully so this all was effective conclusion for the effectiveness of ECE     as well as for the learners learning point of view. So it is also recommended for Government as well as policy makers to revisit polices of teaching ECE classes and their effectiveness in regards to mosques where all facilities have been already present must be included in streamline of Pakistan

Analysis of Thematic Progression in The Abstracts of Pakistan Researchers at Masters Level

Analysis of Thematic Progression in The Abstracts of Pakistan Researchers at Masters Level Abstract is a first short text appearing in the entire research communication. The academic discourse of abstract has been the focus of number of studies. Earlier studies including Graetz (1985), Kaplan (1994), Orasan (2001) and Harris (2002) have focused on abstracts of research article. However, very few studies are conducted on the genre of abstracts of thesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the genre of thesis abstracts written by Pakistani researchers at masters’ level. The study being qualitative in nature conducts textual analysis to explore the rhetorical and linguistic choices used by Pakistani researchers .The study uses two approaches: genre analysis and analysis of thematic progression. The first approach in this study is genre analysis that is Swales (2009) framework for abstract. Swales (2009) framework offers five patterns for the structural components for writing abstracts. The second approach of this study follows the tradition of Functional Sentence Perspective with a focus on Danes (1974) model of thematic progression. Danes (1974) model of thematic progression provides principles of organizing information in text. This approach offers four pattern of thematic progression in the text. The data for the present study is forty abstract obtained from two universities in the region of Rawalpindi. The textual analysis highlights the peculiar structural and linguistic choices Pakistani researcher employ in writing the abstracts. The result of the study shows the use of specified and unspecified structural moves. In terms of analysis of linguistic organization, distinct distribution of thematic progression patterns are revealed, indicating that the study of analysis of thesis abstract can shed light on the complex profile of thesis abstract and enhance the understanding and provide explicit description of abstracts. Furthermore, the approaches of this research, display potential for further research and pedagogic applications.