تعزیرات پاکستان میں سزائے موت سے متعلقہ دفعات کا شرعی قوانین سے تقابلی جائزہ

Law plays a pivotal role in the establishment of any peaceful society. Islam, being proactive, devised important rules about 1400 years back for the safety of Deen, life, wealth, wisdom and Generation. Qatal (murder) is a crime of taking soul of a humanbeing, about which Islam has announced Qisas i.e to do with assissinater what he has done it to killed human being. In the same manner Pakistan penal Code has gathered rules about crimes steped out in Pakistan. So Pakistan penal code, under several sections has the same punishment. This artcle throws light on Pakistan penal code sections about death Senctance in perspective of Islamic imperium, order and explanation.

Synthesis of Metal Halide Perovskite Materials for Light Harvesting Applications

The work described here deals with the synthesis and characterization of inorganic and hybrid perovskite for light harvesting applications. The inorganic lead and copper based metal halide perovskites were prepared and their fluorescent sensing ability was explored. The all-inorganic bulk CsCuCl3 and CsCuBr3 perovskites were synthesized by wet chemical method and were used for sensing of lead ions and aqueous contamination in DMF respectively. On the other hand, aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) technique was adopted to fabricate thin films of CsPbBr2I. The oleylamine capping agent facilitates the formation of morphological controlled microsquares on the glass substrate. In addition, nanosquares of CsPbBr2I perovskite were prepared by wet chemical approach. Furthermore, phase pure micro sized crystals of CsPbBr2I were obtained by using TOP as antisolvent as well as capping agent to control morphology of microcrystals. These microcrystals were then used for nitrophenol detection. The CsPbBr2I bulk perovskite were used to fabricate ZnO based planner solar cell which have shown promising power conversion efficiency of 4.8%. The as-prepared metal halide perovskite were characterized by powdered X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (pXRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, thermal and water stable OHNH3PbX3 hybrid perovskites were prepared for photocatalysis application to degrade dye molecules. Whereas, the synthesis of (Cs)x(PhNH3)2-xPbBr4-xIx perovskite nanoparticles were performed to develop qusai-2D structures. The replacement of B site cations to develop lead free CH3NH3Pb1-xCuxBr3 hybrid perovskites was described. The gradual replacement of lead with copper leads to the formation of lead free hybrid perovskite nanoparticles and thin film. These hybrid perovskites have shown interesting optical properties.