حد الزاني البكر و المحصن

Islam is a complete code of life and it provides complete guidance in every field of life. Islamic law provides protection to the human wisdom, race and respect. Spiritual purity, sacred heart and environmental cleanliness, is one of the important persistence of Islamic sharia. Every act which leads us towards ignorance, contradiction, ambiguity and vulgarity is prohibiting in human societies. Zina has destroyed the spiritual values of individuals, families, societies and even nations. This ruthless deed is not only prohibited and sentenced in Islam, but also rather detested by other heavenly religions as well. Without discrimination of any religion, many scholars considered this hated act as the source of unrest and anarchy. Physically, ethically, medically, socially and even religiously zina has infinite hindrances in the society. Islam has provided various teachings and precautions to shun from this major sin for the protection of greatness and superiority of humanity. One of the important teachings is punishment for committing this sin, which is known as “Hadd” in Islamic sharia. In the current book, the punishments of married and unmarried (Fornicator) zani have been described in the light of Sunnah and Quran. The important purpose of Qisas and Hadd is the correction of societies, protection of life, respect and wealth, not the humiliation of people. To punish the criminals is the source of rectification for others.

Novel Hybrid Models Based on Hesitant Fuzzy Sets

Hesitant fuzzy set theory is an impressive tool, to express the vagueness and ambiguity derive from experts, to analyze the characteristics of objects, and to determine the membership functions for each criterion domain. Due to the unpredictability of real world problems, and the limitation of human’s observations, it is very challenging to apply only a particular or specific uncertainty method to deal with complex problems. One can approach to more impressive and effective models to handle decision-making problems, by relating or associating the advantages of several other distinct theories of uncertainty. Hesitant fuzzy sets and soft sets are considered more efficient to deal the uncertain conditions. By combining these theories with several other useful models, novel hybrid models can be developed for decision-making problems. The aim of this research is to construct novel hybrid models based on hesitant fuzzy sets, because the use of hesitant fuzzy computations makes the decision-makers assessments more feasible and significant in decision-making. The proposed hybrid models are named as, hesitant N-soft sets, hesitant fuzzy N-soft sets, interval-valued hesitant fuzzy N-soft sets, m−polar hesitant fuzzy sets and hesitant m−polar fuzzy sets. These models are obtained by the hybridization of hesitant fuzzy sets with N-soft sets and m−polar fuzzy sets, which are more flexible and expressive for modeling and processing of vague information under hesitancy. These models provide us information about the occurrence of ratings or grades and enable us to tackle multi-polar information with hesitancy. Various properties of hybrid models are investigated with different methods of their construction. Intrinsic operations are highlighted and explored with several new concepts including weak, top weak and bottom weak complements. The concept of decision-making methods named as choice value, L-choice value, TOPSIS and ELECTRE-I, is explored by applying them on proposed models. Potential applications related to real life situations are presented, that illustrate the procedure of the proposed decision-making methods. Efficient algorithms are developed to solve the decision-making problems based on hybrid models.