Influence of Advertising on Consumer Buying Behavior for Conspicuous Products

This research articulates the influence of advertising on consumer buying behavior for conspicuous products. Aim of conducting this study was to analyze the impact of advertising liking and advertising attitude on consumer buying behavior, mainly to investigate that either the advertisements are effective to convince the people to spend money on conspicuous products or to influence their buying behavior. Findings of this research will be beneficial to overcome the problem of advertisers focusing more on advertisements contents and effectiveness of advertisements. In order to investigate this, data was collected by showing different advertisements to the responders and it was asked for to fill up the questionnaire. According to our findings, there is a significant and positive influence of advertising on consumer buying behavior for conspicuous products. Which means that it contributes much in influencing consumer buying behavior through both national product advertisements and international products advertisements.

Speaking Silences - Pakistani Fiction Amidst Terrorism & Chaos

Since the disastrous events of 9/11 and its aftermath, the discourse of terrorism has appeared to become the most dominant preoccupations of American literature. Several novels have been composed following the September 11 attacks that deal directly or indirectly with the effect of the event on individuals, both inside and outside of the United States of America. Although these novels often claim to deal with the post traumatic- after effects of the attacks, the Western writers frequently employ Orientalist stereotyping and it appears that after 9/11 this attitude towards Muslims has even hardened and strengthened the old Orientalist discourse by representing all Muslims as terrorists. In line with Edward Said’s:“the East writes back” this thesis shows the novels, The Reluctant Fundamentalist, Home Boy and Burnt Shadows, stand as a reaction to this dominant post 9/11 rhetoric and challenge the discourse of colonization from the Pakistani side(whichstands for the East) and welcome decolonization. Edward Said’s Orientalism serves as the theoretical basis for this research. The thesis explores the response of contemporary Pakistani literature in English .i.e. how writers are responding, reactingand relating with the contemporary reality of terrorism, violence, extremism and suicide bombing and the challenges that the existing political and social scenario creates for Pakistani writers and how despotism, martial rule, violence militant extremism and imperial occupation of Afghanistan have placed the Pakistani writer, like his fellow citizens, in the margins, from where writers are now raising their voices andstruggling to regain theirnational identity and create for themselves an individual literary identity. How have the writers not only disrupted the status quo but also challenged and questioned the post 9/11Western discriminatory attitude towards the Muslims. Moreover it reveals the struggle of the authors to dismantle the terrorist label ascribed to the Muslims and post 9/11 stereotyping of Muslims as extremists and religious fanatics.