The present study was carried out in District Swat for a period of 7 months from January to July,
2017. For the current study the blood samples were collected from patients visiting the hospital,
malaria diagnostic labs and District Head Quarter Hospital Laboratory showing symptoms for
malaria disease belonging to all age groups and recommended for blood test for the diagnosis of
malaria disease by the physician in the hospitals of Swat. The information (name, gender, age and
residence) were gathered on a printed proforma from the local patients. About 1050 patients were
examined for this study and malaria was detected through microscopy of thick and thin blood
smears and rapid diagnostic test of which 118 were found to be infected with malaria parasite
showing about 11.24% prevalence of malaria. Data was also collected from other labs of District
Swat which makes it a total of 9255 patients studied in the current among which 932 patients
were found positive for malaria parasite in the whole district showing a prevalence rate of
10.07%. Out of the total 932 infected blood samples 558 of them were male (59.87%) while 374
were female (40.13%). The collective data for District Swat showed majority of the infected
patients belonged to age group 1-10 years (41.42%). The least infected age groups were aged
above 60 years (0.86%). Malaria parasite was found highest in the months of July (39.48%) i.e.
summer season and lowest in the month of February (2.25%) i.e. winter months. Patients tested
for malaria parasite belonged to the following seven (7) Tehsils wherein the rate of positive
infected cases in these 7 Tehsils in descending order was: Barikot > Kabal > Babuzai > Matta >
Khwazakhela> Charbagh> Bahrain. It is concluded from this study that P.vivax is the prevalent
malaria causing parasite in district Swat. No case of P.falciparum was recorded. Furthermore
male are infected more than female, and malaria is common in children, teenagers and youth of
the area. Moreover, it is of great importance that campaigns regarding awareness of malaria are
run regularly in the district and most importantly malaria control programme should be regularly
financed. Though these precautionary procedures or administrating suitable therapeutic options
cannot be regarded as sufficient to control, let alone eradicate malaria. In order to maintain low
prevalence of malaria and avoid any mortality it is important to bring a change in the social and
personal behavior of individuals which might be difficult but is of prime importance at the same
time. Keeping these points in notice, further study is recommended on effectively applied
interventions, concentrating majorly on behavioral adaptations and approaches of assessing their efficiency must be expanded.
ڈینی سن راس ہندوستان کے ایک مشہور ادیب وشاعر کے ساتھ یورپ کے ایک نامور مستشرق کابھی ماتم کرناہے۔ان کانام ڈینی سن راس تھا۔سرکاخطاب رکھتے تھے۔ عربی اورترکی ادبیات پراُن کی نظر وسیع تھی۔لندن کے مشہور اسکول آف اورینٹل اسڈیز کے ڈائریکٹر رہے اوراس سے پہلے مدرسہ عالیہ کلکتہ کے بھی پرنسپل رہ چکے تھے۔ اورپھر سب سے بڑی بات یہ ہے کہ اس علم وفضل کے باوصف مارگیولیوتھ ایسے متعصب مستشرقین کے برخلاف سرڈینی سن راس مسٹر آرنلڈ کی طرح اسلام اورمسلمانوں کے ساتھ ایک بڑی حد تک دوستانہ روش رکھتے تھے۔افسوس ہے گذشتہ ماہ اُن کے انتقال سے یورپ کے علمی حلقے السنۂ مشرقیہ کے ایک نامور فاضل سے محروم ہوگئے۔ [اکتوبر۱۹۴۰ء]
غیر مسلموں کے حقوق اور انسانی جان کی حرمت : عہدِنبویﷺو خلفائےراشدین کی روشنی میں Islam guarantees the protection of life, property, honour, and dignity of all the members of society, regardless of their religion, colour, race or ethnicity. Sanctity of human life is the fundamental issue and Islam emphasized on it the most. Holy Quran declared the murder of a single person as the killing of all humanity. Islam always secured the rights of non-Muslims. Protecting the lives, dignity and property of non-Muslim living in an Islamic state is a duty of a Muslims in general and the Islamic State in particular. The manner in which the rights of non-Muslims were protected in the era of the Prophet (S.A.W) and the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs is unprecedented. The Prophet (S.A.W) gave this protection constitutional and legal status through his teachings and practice. Our Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) declared that “The one who killed any Dhmmī would not get the fragrance of Paradise though its fragrance can be sensed at a distance of forty years journey”. In the era of the righteous caliphs, the rights of non-Muslims were also safeguarded. This article is a description of the rights of non-Muslims with reference to the sanctity of human life in Islam. It also throws light on the unique teachings of Islam regarding the fundamental rights of minorities in the period of the Prophet and the Rightly Guided Caliphs. A descriptive and analytical research methodology will be used in this research to obtain results and recommendations. The expected results and recommendations of the study will guide the Muslims and non-Muslims to harmonize the social set up around the globe.
Pioglitazone is an oral anti-diabetic agent which belongs to a class “thiazolidinediones”. It is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It acts primarily by increasing peripheral sensitivity to insulin through binding to peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma. In recent years, due to variation in pharmacokinetic parameters under different environmental conditions, drug pharmacokinetics has received increasing attention. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the biokinetics, renal clearance and effect on glycation level of pioglitazone in human beings under indigenous conditions. After through clinical examination healthy male volunteers (n = 24), female volunteers (n = 12) and diabetic patients (n = 8) were selected for the study. Each volunteer was given a therapeutic dose of 30 mg pioglitazone tablet orally. Patients were given a dose of 30 mg pioglitazone daily up to 12 weeks. In healthy volunteers scheduled plasma and urine samples were collected at different time intervals. Concentration of pioglitazone in plasma and urine samples was determined by validated high performance liquid chromatographic method. For the estimation of renal clearance of pioglitazone, the endogenous creatinine level was measured in plasma and urine samples spectrophotometrically using kit method based on Jaffe reaction. In plasma samples obtained from healthy volunteers and patients, amount of glucose was estimated by kit method, proteins by Biuret method and glycation level was measured by Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, spectrophotometerically. Both differences and similarities are present in the values of different calculated parameters and the values reported in the literature. After comparison minor sex differences were also found to be present in the values of different calculated parameters but statistically these differences were found to be non-significant. A single dose of pioglitazone (30 mg) has no effect on glucose concentration and glycation level in healthy male volunteers. Long term treatment of pioglitazone in diabetic patients, significantly decreased the glucose concentration and glycation level. This indicates that pioglitazone acts as an inhibitor of glycation.