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Associationof Tlr3 Genetic Variationswith the Development of Hcc in Hcv Infected Pakistanipopulation

Thesis Info

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Author

Sabeen Akram

Institute

Virtual University of Pakistan

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Software Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://vspace.vu.edu.pk/detail.aspx?id=395

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676721042094

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Hepatitis C was called ?vigorous time explode? because it can extend rapidly and silently and disturbing more than 200 million people all over the world every year. According to some recent researches, in Pakistan, almost 10 million peoples were affected by HCV. The occurrence of hepatitis differs from country to country and varies among discrete areas of the same country. The major cause of increased HCV prevalence among the Pakistani was the reuse of injected syringes, unrestricted blood transfusions, and attentiveness. Activation of these TLRs may contribute to the inflammatory destruction caused by HCV. It had been shown recently that, HCV targets the TLR3 pathway to aid in immune evasion. TLR3 was only one of four viral recognition receptors placed within the endosome and it was plausible that HCV may target others. The aim of this research is to seek out the causes of HCC development in HCV patients of Pakistan. To pursue this research study, 200 blood samples of HCV patients were collected from the DHQ hospital of Okara city. Then blood samples of HCV were undergone through the DNA extraction process, which was the initial step and most basic step for this analysis, later Gel Electrophoresis was completed form size and excellence of extracted DNA. After that, specific primers of TLR3 gene was designed according to target areas and then optimized with reaction mixture to get copies of targeted genes, During PCR amplification, RTPCR conditions were applied to find the specific annealing temperature which gives the maximum amplification of target region and use the minimum reaction mixture to get the desired results. After DNA amplification through PCR, another technique named as a High-resolution melting curve was used to find the percentage of mutational occurrence is controlled and HCV patient, which leads to identifying the progression of disease in individuals. By applying the HRM method, some values were extracted to estimate the chance of occurrence of heterozygous condition TC for the TLR3 gene in both HCV and control patients which are 0.039 and for homozygous condition CC was 0.017. There was a significant difference between the dominant and recessive models as 4 (4%) of control and 11 (6%) of HCV patients shows chi-square value for TC+TT as 0.86(0.57-1.29) and p-value as 0.538. On the other hand, the recessive model gave a value of 8.24 for 57(57%) control and 43(43%) HCV patients.We assumed that HCV infection may intrude with the appearance and role of TLR3, a sensor of ssRNA. Investigating any effect on TLR3 by HCV may disclose a new mechanism for HCV immune evasion. In conclusion, the Hepatitis C Virus manipulates specific TLR3 function and expression and their signaling pathways disturb cytokine production. HCV modifies TLR3, a viral recognition receptor, via decreasing mRNA constancy which could enable the illusion of host immune observation. There was an association between the occurrence of HCC and infection with HCV in Pakistan.
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ڈاکٹر محمد ضیاء الدین انصاری

ڈاکٹر محمد ضیاء الدین انصاری
ڈاکٹر محمد ضیاء الدین انصاری میرے مخلص اور عزیز دوست تھے، مجھے ان کے انتقال کی خبر بہت دیر سے ملی، وہ علی گڑھ مولانا آزاد لائبریری میں ڈپٹی لائبریرین تھے، وہاں جاتا تو مطلوبہ کتابیں فوراً حاضر کرتے اور چائے سے خاطر تواضع کرتے، اصرار کرکے گھر بلاتے اور پرتکلف دعوت کرتے، خدابخش لائبریری کے ڈائریکٹر ہوکر وہ پٹنہ گئے تو اسے ترقی دینے کے لئے متعدد کام کئے اور کئی سمینار کرائے جن میں مجھے مدعو کرتے، وہاں سے ریٹائر ہوکر علی گڑھ آئے تو مولانا حسین احمد مدنیؒ پر ایک سمینار کا پروگرام بنایا مگر وہ نہ ہوسکا، ضیاء الدین صاحب کو علم و ادب سے بڑا شغف تھا اور وہ اچھے منتظم بھی تھے، کئی کتابیں لکھیں لیکن اشاریہ نگار کی حیثیت سے انہوں نے اپنا خاص سکہ جمایا، وہ بڑے شریف، نیک طینت، خوش خلق اور مرنجان مرنج شخص تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ انہیں جنت نعیم عطا کرے اور پس ماندگان کو صبر جمیل عطا فرمائے، آمین۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، اپریل ۲۰۰۷ء)

قرآنی قصص مریم علیھا السلام کا ماخذ: استشراقی رجحانات کا تنقیدی جائزہ

Sources of Quranic Narrates of Syda Mariam (AS): A Critical Analysis of Orientalistic Approach Origin of the Qur’ᾱnic narrates towards Mariam Virgin (AS) has broadly been under debate in orientalist studies. Orientalist, in general, have had the opinion that Qur’ᾱnic stories of virgin Mariam were not the divine revelation; these are plagiarized and utilized from Christian apocryphal sources and literature like Arabic Gospel of infancy and Protoevangelium of James. This research paper’s questions were that according to Orientalist: is it true that the sources of Qur’ᾱnic Stories of Mariam (AS) are plagiarized from apocryphal Christian literature and Quran has done mistake about name of Mariam (AS)'s father and brother. This research is historical and textual. In conclusion, if anyone who has sincerely studied dating apocryphal literature and its dating should be able to see that his sincerity negates taking data for making Qur'ᾱnic narrates towards virgin Mariam (AS) from Christian apocryphal impacts upon Qur'ᾱnic narrate and also this paper shows that Christian developed their apocryphal literature after revelation of Quran.

Development of Functionalized Zeolite Hybrids As Potential Adsorbents

The industrial revolution has led to an unequal and uncontrolled distribution of the toxic substances in different compartments of the environment. A large number of researchers have offered specific solution to combat the hazardous and toxic substances. The real challenge faced today is the complex interaction of the pollutants in each compartment compelling the scientists to develop materials offering one spot solution applicable to a wide range of toxicants. The present investigation is an effort to synthesize a range of different materials having multi-dimensional potential for removing diverse pollutants with general efficacy and limited specificity. Though a number of materials fall under the same category, the Zeolites and their tailored forms offer advantages such as thermal stability, low-cost, ease of availability, and high sorption affinity. Zeolites and their functionalized hybrids have attracted interest from academic and industrial laboratories due to high catalytic and exchange properties. In the present research, Zeolite as base material is synthesized from economical precursors using hydrothermal method. Post modification for synthesis of functionalized hybrids is attempted with doping of metals (Cu, Zn, and Cu/Zn), organic moieties ((Thiophene, Dibenzothiophene, and Thiophene/ Dibenzothiophene), and combination of both into the Zeolite framework. On the basis of induced functionality the eleven hybrids of Zeolite are grouped into three categories. The purpose of preparation of hybrids is to have diverse functional groups on the surface of a single Zeolite to adsorb a variety of pollutants from environmental media. The synthesized materials are subjected to a series of characterization techniques to determine surface and bulk properties for effective adsorption. The successful incorporation of the functional groups (Thiol, CH3, and Metal-Oxygen) is indicated by FTIR, BET surface area and SEM analysis proposes that crevices and channels serve as pores for uptake of incoming pollutants. Further, EDX shows silica and alumina percentage which is involved in developing zeolite framework (internal and external linkages) for binding. The thermal stability of Zeolite (360-570°C) is assessed from TGA studies. XRD demonstrates the amorphous nature of Zeolite framework that generally decreases on functionalization. Zeolite and the functionalized hybrids are applied for the removal of Metals (Hg, As), Dyes (Methylene Blue, Methyl Orange), Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (Benzene, Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, and Pyrene), Sulfur (Model Fuel, Commercial fuel) and Insecticide (Imidacloprid). For each application, closed batch adsorption protocol is followed. The results of adsorption experiments confirm the efficiency of synthesized hybrids as adsorbents for the removal of a number of pollutants. Generally, mercury showed better removal than arsenic on the adsorbents. Moreover all Zeolite based hybrids testifies the fitness of pseudo-second order kinetics & Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for the removal of mercury and arsenic. The hybrids depict higher removal capacity for methylene blue in comparison to methyl orange. Moreover Zeolites shows good removal potential for sulphur, Imidacloprid and polyaromatic as well.