Functional study of WRKY Protein in different Plant and non-Plant species and its response under different biotic and environmental stresses

WRKY transcription factors belong to one of the biggest superfamilies of proteins in higher plants. WRKY proteins participate in plant growth for instance, gamete formation, seed germination and are also responsive to different types of environmental cues including abiotic and biotic stresses. The DNA-binding site of WRKY factors is well established which interact with W‐box (TGACC(A/T)) located in the promoter of their target genes and promote the activation or repression of the expression of those genes to control their response against stresses but it remains difficult to establish thefunctions of every family members to control particular transcriptional programs during development or in response to environmental signals. This review summarizes the recent progress madein unraveling the various WRKY protein-controlled functions under different environmental stresses.

The Impact of Organizational Culture on the Employees Job Satisfaction & Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Faculty Members of Private & Public Sector University of Pakistan

The purpose of this research was to scrutinize whether organizational culture affects the employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment of university faculty in Public and Private Sector of Pakistan. Faculty members are one of the most important determinants and leading factors that determine the success of universities in a competitive environment. This is empirically true for educational organizations which determine the fate and career of the masses. The questionnaire was used to accumulate data. Prior pilot study was conducted and validity and reliability of questionnaire was determined before using it for data collection. Participants in this study were university faculty members of four universities along with its campuses throughout Pakistan; namely, Iqra University, Hamdard University, Sindh University and Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur. Two universities were in private sector while remaining two universities were in public sector respectively. Total six hundred questionnaires were sent through mail and personal visits. Before commencement of the analysis, the data for all items 400 cases were analyzed for missing values. Pearson correlations indicated that organizational culture was positively related to employees’ job satisfaction in the faculty members of private sector universities of Pakistan, and negatively in the faculty members of public sector universities of Pakistan. Whereas, organizational culture was positively related to organizational commitment in the faculty members of private sector universities of Pakistan, and negatively in the faculty members of public sector universities of Pakistan. The findings supported the importance of organizational culture to foster a positive impact in the faculty members of both private and public sector universities of Pakistan in order to attain employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment.