Stylistic and Semantic Incongruities in the Earliest Purported English Translation of the Qur’an by Alexander Ross

Recognizing the unequivocal importance of English as the only and uncontested medium of global communication for disseminating the universal message of the Qur’an, this paper analyzes the ways in which translational incompetence or substantial incongruities could distort the very essence of the actual text and meaning of this last and  eternal message of Allah. Taking selected parts of the first two “ruku’s” of surah al-baqara as a case study,   it traces  some  salient  instances of such deviation  in the  earliest  purported English rendering of the Qur’an by Alexander Ross done  in the middle of the seventeenth century.  Besides  attempting  to make  readers wary of such misleading attempts,   it also  aims at  inculcating in them a sense of distinguishing the authentic works of genuinely qualified renderers from such  ill-motivated and ill-informed purported translations.

A Study of Effectiveness of Quality Assurance Measures Applied at University Level in Punjab.

The present research entitled ―A Study of the Effectiveness of Quality Assurance Measures Applied at University Level in Punjab‖ was a survey study. The main objectives of the study were to review, differentiate, evaluate, and give recommendation regarding the enhancement of quality assurance measures applied at university levels in Pakistan. 77 academic administrators (out of 100), 194 university faculty (out of 200), and 1000 students were taken and selected randomly from 20 universities (out of 44) in the Punjab as a sample of the study. The data was collected through three questionnaires developed by the researcher using five point Likert type rating scales. The instrument was distributed personally to 100 academic administrators, 200 university faculty and 1000 students. The data was analyzed and the results were interpreted in terms of percentage ii mean score value and median. A majority of respondents such as academic administrators, university faculty and students agreed that academic programs are evaluated according to HEC prescribed criteria, there is need to provide training in management and leadership to administrators, university faculty perform academic duties relevant to their abilities, and students like prevalent evaluation system of universities. It was recommended that the quality assurance measures may be given proper weightage practically at the time of faculty promotion and recruitment without political interference;