A COMPARISON OF THE VISUAL PERCEPTUAL SKILLS IN TYPICAL AND CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference at occupational performance skills related to visual perception among typical developing children and cerebral palsy children by using measuring test of MVPT-R. Design And Sampling Technique: Quantitative cross-sectional study, convenience sampling method. Study Setting And Participants: A total of 400 Cerebral palsy children (all types) and typical children each from different mainstream schools, rehab centers, pediatric occupational therapy departments, and special education centers located in Karachi. Interventions / Data Collection: Test of visual perception that is Motor Free visual perceptual test- Revised MVPT-R. Result: Result shows difference in perceptual ages (PA) between typical and cerebral palsy children. Perceptual age (PA) was greater than the chronological age (CA) in the typical group. Conversely, in the CP group the perceptual age (PA) was lesser than the chronological age (CA). Conclusion:  Visual perception skills play a key role in a child’s achievement at school and at home. Children require intact visual perception for the successful performance of their daily living as well as academic tasks like good eye-hand coordination, handwriting, reading, shape perception, play skills, and copying patterns, etc. This study is helpful to identify those children who have visual perception issues and sorting this problem will form the baseline for better evaluating and planning of useful visual perception activities for typical and cerebral palsy children.

On Spacetime Symmetries in General Relativity and Teleparallel Gravity

In this thesis we have investigated Killing, homothetic and conformal Killing vectors for some well known spacetimes. Conformal Killing vectors are in- vestigated for locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type V, static and non static plane symmetric spacetimes in the context of general rel- ativity as well as teleparallel gravity, while Killing and homothetic vec- tors are explored for Kantowski-Sachs, Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) and 3-dimensional static circularly symmetric spacetimes in the framework of teleparallel gravity. In general relativity, it is shown that Bianchi type V, static and non static plane symmetric spacetimes admit proper conformal Killing vectors for some specific values of the metric functions. In teleparallel gravity, it is observed that the LRS Bianchi type V space- times do not admit proper teleparallel conformal Killing vectors. Further, the number of proper teleparallel conformal Killing vectors for static and non static plane symmetric spacetimes turned out to be one or three for different choices of the metric functions. Moreover, it is shown that the Kanstowski-Sachs and LTB metrics do not admit any proper teleparallel homothetic vector. The maximum number of teleparallel Killing vectors for Kantowski-Sachs spacetimes turned out to be seven, while for LTB metric, this maximum number is found to be six. Finally, our analysis shows that the 3-dimensional static circularly sym- metric spacetimes admit a proper teleparallel homothetic vector in only one case, while the maximum number of teleparallel Killing vectors for these spacetimes is found to be six.