A Comparative Study of Dawn and Jang with Special Regard to Agenda Setting Theory of Press: Ten Years before and after 9/11

The relationship between Pakistan and America has always been a focus of the media of both countries as well as the international media. Even a slight shift in the policies of these two countries for each other is capable of making newspaper headlines and attracting maximum attention of the press of both countries. This study is a comparative analysis of the editorial pages of daily Dawn (English) and daily Jang (Urdu) to explore the agenda setting role of two of Pakistan’s oldest and most credible newspapers, vis-à-vis the Pakistan-US relationship. The research takes into consideration a total of 20 years of Pakistan-US relations by dividing the period into two groups which are ten years before the incident of 9/11 and ten years after 9/11. This understudied period is specifically important because the relations between Pakistan and America during these phases have vacillated between periods of engagements, wherein Pakistan enjoyed the status of the most favoured ally without compromising its regional interest, and the periods of disengagements wherein Pakistan faced sanctions from the US and was left alone to deal with the aftermath of the Afghan war and the War on Terrorism. Hence, this study obtains interesting insights about how the two Pakistani newspapers which represent the Urdu and the English press of Pakistan highlighted the agenda-setting role of the press through the coverage of the issues between Pakistan and US on their editorial pages.

Analysis of Fatty Acids, Basic Elements and Protein Contents of Flowering Medicinal Plants Found in Sindh Pakistan

This thesis is divided into different chapters such as introduction, review of literature, material and methods, results and discussion. Twenty eight medicinal plants found in Sindh Pakistan belong to thirteen families such as, Fabaceae: Tamarindus indica L. Pithecellobium dulce Benth., Cassia fistula L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Psoralea corylifolia L., Apiaceae: Anethum graveolens L., Apium.graveolansL., Coriandrum sativum L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Trachyspermum ammi L., Lamiaceae: Mentha arvensis L., Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum sanctumL., Lallementia royleana Benth., Asteraceae: officinalis.L., Carthamus tinctorius L., Cichorium intybus L., Calendula Zygophyllaceae: Fagonia cretica L., Tribulus terristris L., Zygophyllum simplex L., Lythraceae: Lawsonia inermis L., Asclepiadaceace: Calotrpis procera. R.Brown. Linaceae: Linum usitatissimum L. Myrtaceae: Syzygium cumini L, Euphorbiaceae: Ricinus communis L. Brassicaceae: Brassica juncea L. Czern. Solanaceae: Withania coagulance Dun and Cucurbitaceae: Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naudin were collected from the Sukkar, Nawabshah, Daulat pur Saffan, Saeedabad, Hydrabad, Jamshoro, Dadu, Mehar, Karachi and some were collected from Hamdard University, Karachi. Sindh Pakistan, for the isolation of fatty acids, elements, total protein and storage protein. During the present study the fatty acids isolated and identified in these medicinal plants through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Elemental analyses were carried out by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), Hitachi Ltd. 180-50.S.N5721 and five elements Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na) and Zinc (Zn) have been determined in these medicinal plants. All these elements are physiologically and biologically very important for the maintenance of human body in the healthy state. Protein determination was done by Kjeldhal method, and further determination storage viprotein used by different extraction method such as Protein Estimation (Seed Storage Protein) by Bradford Assay. This research based study provides the detail information about the fatty acids, basic elements and protein contents present in various important medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are also important for pharmacological research and drug development. Herbal medicines are assuming greater importance in the primary health care of individuals and communities in many developing countries and there has been an increase in international trade in herbal medicine. These medicinal plants used as a alternative sources for human diet after proper processing, about 80% protein are supplied by plants which are nutritionally important to people. Plant proteins mostly Albumin, Globulin, Prolamin and Glutelin present in seeds. Storage proteins are of great nutritional value for mankind and important for its application in food products. Research is related to human health directly and it has great significance from health and nutritional point of views.