عروج آدم ِخاکی سے ا نجم سہمے جاتے ہیں
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو!آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرن ہے وہ ہے:’’عروج آدم خاکی سے انجم سہمے جاتے ہیں‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
انسان کو اللہ تعالیٰ نے اعلیٰ مقام عطا فرمایا ہے، اس کو کلامِ مجید میں اشرف المخلوقات کا تاج پہنایا ہے، اس کی عظمت کو فرشتوں سے منوایا ہے، اس کو مسجودِ ملائکہ بنایا ہے، اس کے شرف سے دیگر مخلوقات کو آگاہ فرمایا ہے۔
فرشتے سے بہتر ہے انسان بننا
مگر اس میں پڑتی ہے محنت زیادہ
صدرِذی وقار!
انسان جب اپنی تخلیق کا مقصد پہچان لے، اپنے وجود کے بارے میں آگاہی حاصل کر لے، اپنی حیات کوصحیح خطوط پر گزارنے کا سلیقہ حاصل کرلے، اپنے لمحات زیست سودمند مواقع کی تلاش میں صرف کر دے، اپنے حواسِ خمسہ کا صحیح استعمال کرنا سیکھ لے تو اس کو اپنی منزل آسمانوں پر نظر آنی شروع ہو جاتی ہے۔
عقابی روح جب بیدار ہوتی ہے جوانوں میں
نظر آتی ہے ان کو اپنی منزل آسمانوں میں
صدرِمحترم!
اس آدم خاکی نے جب سرحدوں کا رخ کیا تو دشمن لرزہ براندام ہو گئے ، دشمن کو قہر آلود نظروں سے دیکھا تو ان کے رونگٹے کھڑے ہو گئے ، اعداء پر ضربِ کلیمی لگائی تو فضاء گونج اُٹھی، اس نے دشمنوں کی زندگی اجیرن کر دی ، اس کی نسلوں تک مار کرنے والے تصورات پیش کیے، دشمنِ اسلام کو بتایا کہ خدا اور اس کے رسولﷺ کے پیروکارکبھی گھبراتے نہیں۔
دو نیم ان کی ٹھوکر سے صحرا و دریا
سمٹ کر پہاڑ ان کی ہیبت سے رائی
جنابِ صدر!
انسان جب کھیتوں ، کھلیانوں میں پہنچتا ہے تو انہیں...
Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and plays a significant role in promoting political and national solidarity in the country. Languageserves as a unifying force that brings together people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds and fosters a sense of shared identity and belonging. One of the main ways in which Urdu promotes political and national solidarity is through its use as a medium of communication across the country. Urdu is widely spoken and understood in Pakistan, and its use as an official language ensures that people from all regions of the country can communicate effectively with each other. This helps to promote a sense of unity and understanding between different groups, which is essential for building a strong and cohesivenation. In addition to its role as a medium of communication, Urdu also has a rich literary and cultural heritage that is deeply intertwined with the history and identity of Pakistan. Urdu poetry, literature, music, and art have played a significant role in shaping the country's cultural landscape and providing a shared cultural identity for its people. Furthermore, usingUrdu in political discourse and media plays a crucial role in promoting national unity and solidarity. Political leaders and media outlets use Urdu to communicate with the public. Thelanguage is often used to express nationalistic sentiments and promote a sense of pride in Pakistan's culture and heritage. Urdu plays a vital role in promoting Pakistan's political and national solidarity byserving as a unifying force that brings together people from different regions and cultural backgrounds. Its use as a medium of communication, its rich literary and cultural heritage, and its role in political discourse and media all contribute to fostering a sense of shared identity and belonging among Pakistanis.
Organic semiconductors have been the subject of intense scientific investigation for the past 50 years. Applications of these materials include chemical, physical and biological sensors, electronic, and photonic devices. Low cost production of these devices is possible by using thermal evaporation, centrifugation, spin coating and drop casting technologies. This thesis describes fabrication and characterization of organic semiconductor sensors for temperature, humidity and light measurements using novel organic materials. Different types of commercially available organic dyes have been used as active materials to fabricate sensors. In the first part of the thesis, humidity sensors have been fabricated using CuPc/NiPc thin films deposited by drop casting and centrifugation. Another type of humidity sensor based on VOPcPhO, Alq3 and their composites have also been fabricated by spin coating technique, wherein organic films have been grown over a substrate having pre-fabricated aluminum electrodes. Optimum ratio of VOPcPhO and Alq3 has been identified to achieve best capacitive and resistive response of the sensor. In the second part, optical sensors from composite films of NiPc:CoPc (1:1) have been fabricated by drop casting and centrifugation on a ceramic alumina substrate having surface-type interdigitated Ag electrodes. Variation in impedance and capacitance w.r.t. illumination have been measured. Another type of optical sensors based on organic photodiodes (OPDs), using composite ZnPc:PC71BM dye, have been fabricated and characterized. The optimum ratio of ZnPc:PC71BM (1:0.8) has been determined by detecting photocurrent density with respect to varied illumination levels of impinging light at different reverse biased conditions of the optical sensors. Moreover, the light to dark current density ratio (Jph/Jd) of the devices has been evaluated along with the transient photo-current density response to assess their sensitivity. In the third part, organic field effect transistors (OFETs) functioning as temperature/humidity senors (referred to as multi-functional sensors) have been fabricated xi using orange dye (OD) and its composite OD:sugar at positive (+1 g) and negative (-1 g) gravities by drop casting. It has been observed that in drop casting method, properties of OFET sensors are dependent upon gravity as well as solution composition employed for OFETs channel definition. Additionally, OFETs have been fabricated by depositing NiPc of varying thickness (100-300 nm) and semi-transparent thin films of aluminum in sequence by vacuum evaporation on a glass substrate having silver source and drain electrodes. It has been observed that the drain current of OFETs increases with increase in radiation intensity, and the OFETs having 200 nm thick NiPc film, exhibited better performance compared to 100 nm and 300 nm thick films. For temperature evaluation, it has been noticed that the reduction in the impedance is higher when thickness of the film is decreased. It has also been demonstrated that for improved performance, as a temperature sensor, the OFET channel film should be ∼100 nm.