یہ تصنیف 1932 ء میں منظر عام پر آئی ۔ یہ کتاب اطالوی شاعر ”دانتے “کی”ڈیوائن کامیڈی“ کے انداز پر لکھی گئی۔ اقبال نے مولانا جلال الدین رومی کے ہمراہ افلاک کی سیر کی ہے اور مختلف مذہبی رہنماؤں اور دانشوروں سے ملاقات کی ہے۔ آخر میں جاوید سے خطاب ہے جو دراصل تمام نو جوانوں کے لیے پیغام ہے۔ اس تصنیف سے اقبال کے مطالعہ کی وسعت کا اندازہ ہوتا ہے خاص طور پر ہندی فکرو فلسفہ کے حوالہ سے اقبال کا مطالعہ کس قدر وسیع تھا۔ ہندوستانی قوم کے ماضی کی جھلک پر نظر ڈالی جاسکتی ہے اور جو لوگ قوم اور وطن کے ساتھ غداری کرتے ہیں ان کا کیا انجام ہوتاہے۔ ان کی حالت بھی دکھائی گئی ہے۔
کہیں ابو جہل کا نوحہ ہے تو کہیں فرعون کی روح ہے۔ کہیں ایک عورت پیغمبری کا دعوئی کرتی نظر آتی ہے اور شوہروں سے آزادی کا پیغام دیتی ہے تو کہیں ابلیس انسان کی کمزوری اور اپنی آسان کامیابیوں پر کسی مرد حق کی خواہش کرتا نظر آتا ہے۔ کہیں غدار جعفر بنگالی اور صادق دکنی خونی قلزم کے عذاب میں پڑے نظر آتے ہیں۔
ایسے افکار و نظریات اقبال کے علاوہ کہیں اور دیکھنے کو نہیں ملتے ۔ جاوید نامہ اقبال کی شہرہ آفاق تصنیف ہے جس نے اقبال کا خون تک نچوڑ لیا تھا تب کہیں جا کر یہ مکمل ہوئی۔
Arabic language is one of the most developed languages of the world. It has a number of grammatical phenomenon, Omissions is one of them. Omission of any part of a sentence creates ambiguity to fully understand its meanings. Due to this phenomenon Arabic has a specific cause when viewed in the light of Semantic analysis. This study deals with the phenomenon of dropping or omission of the part of a speech. In article under review, I have explained as to how an omission becomes requirement of the text to reflect a particular meaning. I have chosen semantic study of three basic parts of verbal sentence that is Verb, Subject and Object to unveil this phenomenon in Sahih Al Bukhari. This clearly explains the significance of omission of words in the sayings of Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him).
ABSTRACT Agriculture is significantly affected by temperature variability and other climatic variables. Pakistan is located among one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change and variability, which directly affects growth and yield of crops and the livelihood of rural communities. Evaluation of best management practices is a current problem for pearl millet in Pakistan to overcome climate change impacts in future, as it is ignored due to focus on other major cereals. Management practices like planting time, plant population, and nitrogen fertilization strategies are among the most important factors affecting yield of pearl millet in Pakistan. While pearl millet is a hardy and idyllic for environments prone to different environmental stresses. This crop continues to produce highly nutritious grain sustainably, thereby encouraging the fight against poverty and food insecurity due to its resilience to climate change. Systems analysis approach is a suitable approach to advance our understanding on the effects of climate change and climate variability on crops growth and yield. Hence, two field experiments were conducted at Agronomic at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and Agronomic Research Station, Karor Lal Eason, District Layyah under irrigated semi-arid and arid conditions over a period of two summer seasons (2015-16). The results elucidated that planting time, intra row spacing and nitrogen rate significantly affected crop development, yield and yield attributes at Faisalabad and Layyah. The earlier and late planting resulted in late anthesis and maturity of pearl millet at both locations, while planting of millet in the month of July showed less days to panicle initiation, anthesis and maturity. Intra row spacing did not affect significantly on phenology of millet at both locations. In case of nitrogen application, higher rate of N application delayed the maturity of millet. All recorded observations performed better, when pearl millet was planted during 3rd week of June and 1st week of July at plant spacing of 15 cm at Faisalabad and during month of July at Layyah. The results also illustrated that higher grain yield of millet can be achieved by optimizing resources; nitrogen rate (150 kg N ha-1) through empirical modeling, which were explored using quadratic equations to optimize requirement of nitrogen for pearl millet under semi-arid and arid environments. The optimum N rate gave higher ANUE. Model for path analysis was developed by selecting the important yield components, which directly or directly affected the yield of millet. Correlations of grain yield with yield components indicated that the grain weight per panicle is more associated with millet yield during both years, locations and studies. CSM-CERES-Millet model was calibrated and the accuracy in performance of model was checked under contrasting environments. The calibrated millet model was also used to quantify the climate change assessment and its impact on millet yield for mid-century scenarios under RCP4.5 and 8.5. The climate resilient cultivars were developed using adaptation strategy for Faisalabad and Layyah to fight the impact of future climate on grain yield of millet. High correlation coefficient (0.90 to 0.99) of observed and projected Tmax and Tmin in two models were projected, whereas precipitation values showed much lower correlations for three decades (2017-2026, 2027-2036 and 2037-2046). The changes in projected variables showed 8-11% decrease in millet yield at Faisalabad and Layyah. About 11% reduction in millet yield were predicted using Genetic Algorithm, while model projected 14-19% reduction in millet yield up to under RCP 8.5. However, introducing climate resilient millet cultivar can reverse the climate change impacts by increasing yield from 12-24% under semi-arid and arid environments of Punjab.