COMPARISON OF SCIATIC NERVE GLIDING AND LOWER EXTREMITY DYNAMIC STRETCH ON HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY IN ATHLETES

Background: Hamstring muscles are targeted among football players. Sciatic nerve gliding improve hamstring flexibility among football players. Objective: To compare the effects of sciatic nerve gliding and lower extremity stretching on hamstring flexibility among football players. Methodology: In this randomized clinical trial 20 male athletes were selected which divided in two groups. One group was given sciatic nerve gliding while other lower extremity stretches. Athletes with age of 18-30 years, male foot ballers who regularly exercise 2 to 3 times a week for 30 minutes for 6 weeks were included. Goniometer was used to collect data by performing straight leg raise and Active knee extension test. Results: The results showed that the mean age and SD was 21.30±1.809. Comparison of treatment within group was checked by Wilcoxon Rank test showed significant results (P was less than 0.05 )and between group comparisons was checked by Mann Whitney test and found sciatic nerve gliding gave more improvement in Athletes performance (  p value was less than 0.05 for straight leg raising and active knee extension test. Conclusion: It was concluded that sciatic nerve gliding gave more effective results than lower stretching in increasing hamstring flexibility among football players.

پاکستانی اردوافسانےکی تنقید کا ارتقا

In the early decades of 20th century, Urdu Literature was awarded by a contemporary genre called Afsana which is a notorious and noted genre of Urdu Literature and the literary criticism upon Urdu Afsana is existed for as long as Urdu Afsana itself. Through this study '' The Evolution of Literary Criticism Upon Pakistani Urdu Afsana: Analytical Study '' analyzes and evaluates the salient features of literary critical writings upon Pakistani Urdu Afsana, which is expanded all most of the century. The criticism upon Urdu Afsana started its work not so efficiently. In the early decades of twentieth century, there were some critical essays and prefaces and nothing to flip through the pages. The progressive movement in Urdu Afsana showed commitment to the Marxist Philosophy in their writings, before the creation of Pakistan brought some novelty in the subjects, techniques and subject material equally to its literary criticism. Most of the contemporary writers dealt with the the theme of'' Realism " in 1947 to 1960.Therefore the criticism upon Urdu Afsana before partition of the subcontinent should be under consideration due to its acute importance. Before 1947, criticism upon Urdu Afsana consist of Narrative and Basic discussion or controversies. After that, Modern literary criticism upon Pakistani Urdu Afsana is basically formed on the basis of literary theory of symbolism, impressionism and surialism which were the newly added spices in the literary Urdu criticism written around the decades of sixties and seventies. The criticism written in that age was more mature and appealing to the critical minds. In 1960 to 1970, the origin time period of criticism upon Pakistani Urdu Afsana. It covers the various theoretical debate on Pakistani culture. It contains the effects of Modernism on decorum of literary criticism upon Pakistani Urdu Afsana. The literary study gets the taste of new theories around the eighties, ''Structuralism '' than '' Post Structuralism'' introduced as the very new and fresh terms in literary criticism of Urdu Afsana. 1980 till day shows survey of effects of post Modernism, Structuralism, Post Structuralism, the study of distinguish feature of literary criticism upon Urdu Afsana is also a part of thesis. In the last chapter, comparative study of the literary criticism upon Pakistani Urdu Afsana collected explorations and results of the discussion has been arranged. Although , the literary criticism of Pakistani Urdu Afsana is comprised of various time period discussed in this study but the division of critical inclinations of one time period affects the fictional criticism of others time periods. Therefore, criticism of Pakistani Urdu Afsana went through different stages. Till now there are changes taking place in it. From the start of twentieth century till now the critical literary theories, social and political conditions changed it and it becomes more progressive and elaborated. The objective of this study is to highlight all the ups and downs of literary criticism written upon Pakistani Urdu Afsana during 20th century. It is the analytical study of quality and evolution of literary criticism .Actually this study is an attempt to understand the critical approaches to Pakistani Urdu Afsana which vary from time to time.