امینِ حزیں (۱۸۸۲۔۱۹۶۸ء) سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ کا اصل نام خواجہ محمد مسیح پال ہے۔ سکاچ مشن سکول سیالکوٹ میں انہیں مولوی میر حسن جیسے استاد سے اکتسابِ فیض کا موقع ملا۔ مولوی صاحب کی تربیت نے ان کے شعور کو اجاگر کیا۔ ان کی ملازمت کا بیشتر حصہ گلگت میں انڈین پولیٹیکل سروس میں گزرا۔ ۱۹۳۹ء میں خان بہادر کا خطاب پا کر ملازمت سے سبکدوش ہوئے اور اپنے آبائی شہر سیالکوٹ میں سکونت اختیار کی۔ (۲۰۹) ۱۹۰۲ء میں ان کی پہلی غزل لکھنو کے ’’پیامِ یار‘‘ رسالے میں چھپی اور اس کے بعد شعر و شاعری کا سلسلہ برابر جاری رہا۔ ابتداء میں مولانا ظفر علی خاں اور مولانا جوہر کے رنگ سے متاثر تھے بعد ازاں حضرت علامہ اقبالؒ کو پسند کرنے لگے اور یہ رنگ ایسا بھایا کہ پھر کسی اور کا نقش نہ جم سکا۔ امینِ حزیں کا کلام بر صغیر پاک و ہند کے مختلف ادبی رسائل میں چھپتا رہا جن میں ’’پیامِ یار‘‘ ‘ ’’مخزن‘‘ ‘ ’’ساقی‘‘ اور ’’ہمایوں‘‘ قابلِ ذکر ہیں۔(۲۱۰) امینِ حزیں کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ’’گلبانگِ حیات‘‘ ۱۹۴۰ء میں شائع ہوا۔ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ ’’نوائے سروش‘‘ الفیصل ناشران و تاجران ادارے نے شائع کیا۔
تیسرا مجموعۂ کلام ’’سرودِ سرمدی‘‘ بھی الفیصل ناشران و تاجران ادارے نے شائع کیا۔ امینِ حزیں کی شاعری کے آٹھ مسودے ابھی تک شائع نہیں ہو سکے۔
یہ آٹھوں مسودے ان کے عزیز و اقارب کے پاس موجود ہیں۔ امینِ حزیں کے ہزاروں کی تعداد میں مشاہیر کے نام خطوط بھی محفوظ ہیں۔ اردو ادب کے محققین کے لیے یہ شعری و نثری فن پارے قیمتی سرمایہ ہیں۔
امینِ حزیں ایک مشاق اور قادر الکلام سخن ور تھے۔ انہوں نے تقریباً ہر صنفِ سخن میں طبع آزمائی کی ہے۔ انہیں اردو‘ عربی‘ ہندی ‘ سنسکرت‘ انگریزی‘ پشتو اور...
In the Holy Quran, Allah has mentioned many such social rules that are very important for the peace & stability of a society and welfare of human beings. This article will not only highlight the word “La'allakum” in terms of meaning, diction and eloquence but also explain its usage for different purposes. Apart from this, in this article light will be thrown on such social rules that have been defined under the word “La'allakum" along with its philosophy and their implementations in the present era.
Geographical Information System (GIS) is an emerging field of Environmental Science. Today with the rapid population growth and demand for more developments, the environmental issues are growing and resulting in more diversifying environmental problems especially pollution. This research reveals the importance of the spatial module of information which is a measure of the pollution data. In the present study, data of three years were managed, processed, evaluated and visualized by GIS and raster calculations. The results revealed the possible spatial relationship within environmental parameters and pollution. This thesis describes the broad range of geo-spatial modeling as well as some defies related to it. The objectives of the present study were to identify the spatial gradient pattern and distribution trend of fluoride pollution and its effect on the crops (wheat and maize) in vicinity of brick kilns (source of fluoride pollution) using geo-spatial and geo-statistical techniques. Besides statistical techniques were also employed to observe the distributional pattern using centrographic technique, identified the hotspots, the risk of pollution for nearby areas based on weighting distance interpolation technique and Kriging approach for more accurate estimation. Total 93 kilns were identified in Islamabad and three Tehsils of Rawalpindi, where wheat and maize crops were cultivated in the fields around the kilns. The sample number of plants and soil was 251 and 144 for summer and winter season respectively. More significant leaf injury to maize crop was observed in the summer compared to the wheat crop in winter. This observation was supported by Vegetation Index (VI), calculated by raster calculator. The results of chemical analysis indicated that fluoride concentrations (6.8 ppm, 14.3 ppm, 13.6 ppm, 13.9 ppm) were observed in the wheat plant samples of Jhangi syedan, Chakri, GT road, Mohra and maximum fluoride concentration (29.6 ppm, 29.45 ppm, 29.71 ppm, 29.41 ppm) was observed during the summer in maize plant samples of Bhatta road, Gurha, Dhok Niazu and Dhok Gujran in the year 2017. However, fluoride concentration in samples varied according to the spatial location with climatic condition. A dataset of Islamabad, Tehsil Rawalpindi, and Tehsil Gujarkhan showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation and clustering pattern, while no significant spatial correlation was found in the data set of Kallar syedan, but still significant hotspots were identified. A majority of hotspot for fluoride pollution was identified in the maize fields of Rawalpindi and Gujarkhan, in all study years. Furthermore, semivariogram based Kriging model indicated Islamabad, Northwest Rawalpindi, East Gujarkhan more at risk of fluoride pollution. Inverse distance weighting and Kriging Model also exhibited that effect on plants and soil gets reduced with increasing distance from the kiln. But the extent of the effect was only shown by the Ordinary Kriging Model. Climatic data marked temporal effect of fluoride variation in study areas during the study period. It was observed that high precipitation resulted into negligible fluoride effect and concentration, whereas less and no precipitation resulted into more fluoride effect and concentration. Similarly, positive correlation was found between temperature and fluoride pollution and effect. The effect of pollution was greater along distance at high temperature and effectively reduced by the distance in lesser temperature. It was necessary to screen out the current status of existing kilns and to evaluate the effect on nearby environmental parameters. Accordingly, this research highlighted the effect of fluoride pollution release from the kilns to soil and crops and revealed the spatial distribution pattern and extent of pollution using modeling technique.