سر فضل حسین
سر فضل حسین کا ماتم ملک کے گوشہ گوشہ میں برپا ہے، مرحوم کے سیاسی مسلک سے کسی کو کتنا ہی اختلاف ہو، مگر ان کی قابلیت، تدبر، بے خوفی، دلیری، ہردلعزیزی اور قومی بہی خواہی سے شاید ہی کسی کو اختلاف ہو، وہ ان حکومت پسندوں میں نہ تھے جو اپنی شخصی ترقی کو صرف اپنی خاندانی ترقی کا زینہ بناتے ہیں، بلکہ ان میں جو حکومت کا ساتھ دے کر اپنی سمجھ کے مطابق قوم و ملک کی بھلائی کرتے ہیں، مرحوم کا سب سے بڑا کمال یہ تھا کہ وہ جس محفل میں ہوتے تھے اس پر چھا جاتے تھے، وہ فطری لیڈر تھے اور دوسرے ان کے ساتھ چلنے پر مجبور تھے، وائسرائے کی کونسل کے ممبر ہوکر گویا یہ کہنا چاہئے وہ صرف ممبر نہیں رہے تھے، بلکہ اپنی دانائی، عزم، حسن تدبیر اور دلائل کی قوت کی بناء پر پوری کونسل کی عنانِ سیاست کے تنہا مالک تھے۔
مرحوم مرض دق کے بیمار تھے، پھر مجلسِ حکومت کی رکنیت سے علیحدہ ہوکر انہوں نے آرام نہیں کیا، بلکہ سیاسیات پنجاب کی الجھی ہوئی گتھی کو اپنی شبانہ روز کی محنت سے سلجھانے میں مصروف ہوگئے اور یہ ان کا کمال سمجھنا چاہئے کہ وہ ہندوؤں اور مسلمانوں کی ایک متحدہ سیاسی پارٹی بنانے میں کامیاب ہوگئے اور خود اعتمادی یہ تھی کہ ہر مخالف کوشش کو بے حقیقت سمجھ کر اپنے کام میں بے خوف لگے رہے، گوہم کو یہ معلوم ہے کہ اس متحدہ پارٹی کی پراگندہ اوراقِ کتاب کا شیرازہ کس نے باندھا، تاہم مرحوم کی مہارت فن کی داد دینی پڑتی ہے کہ خود شیرازہ بند کو بھی یہی محسوس ہوتا تھا کہ ان منتشر اوراق کا شیرازہ خود ان کی ذات ہے، پروردگار عالم ان پر رحمت فرمائے اور اپنے فضل و کرم سے...
The phenomenon of unemployment is one of the problems, which affects the development of individuals and society. Total unemployment or underemployment may be permanent or temporary. Its negative and damaging effects lay an everlasting result especially in times of economic recession. The importance of this study is to explore the role of individual, and methods of solution in the light of Sunnah. Hadith and Sunnah clearly mark the virtues of work and its value and positive impact on the community. Thus we see the greatness of our religion in this concern for human beings and preserving their dignity, and to find ways to ensure decent life, where there is neither no vacuum, nor unemployment.
Integrated plant nutrient management emphasizes the combined use of inorganic and organic/biological sources of plant nutrients to enhance efficiency of applied nutrients, reduce environmental hazards and improve crop productivity. A field experiment pertaining to wheat based cropping system in rainfed environment was conducted at the Research Farm of Soil Science & SWC of Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. It was laid out according to randomized complete block design in Split-Plot arrangement with three replications. The experiment was initiated in winter 2004-05 on wheat followed by maize in summer 2005, and was repeated during the year 2005-06 in the same field with same layout of treatments. Main plot treatments of cropping systems (CS) included: wheat–fallow (CS 1 ) and wheat–maize (CS 2 ), while treatments of integrated plant nutrient management allocated to subplots were: control (without NPK fertilizer, FYM or biofertilizer); half dose of recommended N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O (60-45-30 kg ha -1 ) ; full dose of N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O (120-90-60 kg ha -1 ); FYM @ 20 t ha -1 , FYM on N requirement basis + make-up dose of P and K fertilizer; 1⁄2 NPK + 1⁄2 FYM (@ 10 t ha -1 ) ; 1⁄2 NPK + Biopower; 1⁄2 FYM + Biopower and 1⁄2 NPK + 1⁄2 FYM + Biopower. Soil analysis for physical and chemical characteristics and plant nutrients (N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu) at sowing and harvest stage of each crop was performed. Observations on plant growth and yield parameters were recorded at crop maturity. Nutrient concentration in the grain and straw/stalk of the wheat and maize were determined to compute nutrient uptake after the harvest of each crop. Comparison of various treatment means of integrated nutrient management practices for wheat- fallow (CS 1 ) and wheat-maize (CS 2 ) cropping systems indicated that there was2 was significant increase in yield and various yield attributes of both wheat and maize in respective growing seasons. During Rabi seasons of 2004-05 and 2005- 06, application of 1⁄2 NPK + 1⁄2 FYM + Biopower (T 9 ) produced highest grain yield of 3684 kg ha -1 and 3781 kg ha -1 for wheat respectively. During Kharif seasons of 2005 and 2006, application of 1⁄2 NPK + 1⁄2 FYM + Biopower (T 9 ) produced highest grain yield of 3128 kg ha -1 and 3119 kg ha -1 for maize respectively. The analysis of leaf and grain samples showed significant increase in N, P and K concentration due to integrated nutrient management practices for both wheat and maize during both growing seasons over control. The results revealed that as N, P and K concentration in soil was higher; these were taken up and assimilated in proportion to their concentration. Maximum N uptake of 357 kg ha -1 , P uptake of 51 kg ha -1 and K uptake of 215 kg ha -1 was recorded due to application of 1⁄2 NPK + 1⁄2 FYM + Biopower (T 9 ) for wheat during both growing seasons. Micronutrients concentration recorded significant increase in soil, plant and grain of both wheat and maize. Economic analysis of wheat-maize and wheat-fallow cropping systems revealed that wheat-maize cropping system was more profitable with integrated use of mineral and organic and/or biofertilizer under rainfed conditions. The VCR estimated for IPNM in T 9 showed that integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizer sources had better net profit for wheat yield for the farmer under rainfed condition. Thus, IPNM may prove more viable and sustainable for wheat based cropping system in rainfed Pothowar environment of Punjab province, Pakistan.