مولانا محمد منظور نعمانی
گزشتہ مہینے کا معارف اشاعت کے مرحلے میں تھا کہ یہ افسوسناک خبر ملی کہ مولانا محمد منظور نعمانی ۴، ۵؍ مئی کی درمیانی شب میں انتقال فرماگئے۔ انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
اس قحط الرجال میں مولانا جیسے حکمت دین سے واقف صاحب فہم و بصیرت اور مدبر عالم، قوم کے درد مند مصلح اور ملت کے ہمدرد و غم گسار کا اٹھ جانا کس قدر المناک سانحہ ہے۔
مولانا ایک عالم و مصنف اور صاحب سلوک و عرفان بزرگ ہی نہ تھے بلکہ زمانے کے نبض شناس، وقت کے تقاضوں اور حالات سے باخبر اور عاقبت بیں بھی تھے جن کا عمل اس پر تھا کہ:
نکل کر خانقاہوں سے ادا کر رسمِ شبیری
کہ فقرِ خانقاہی ہے فقط اندوہ و دل گیری
وہ مذہبی، اصلاحی، قومی، ملی، تعلیمی اور اجتماعی جدوجہد کے ہر محاذ پر سرگرم اور متحرک دکھائی دیتے تھے، انہیں مسلمانوں کی موجودہ پستی و زبوں حالی کا پوری طرح احساس بھی تھا اور وہ اس کے ازالے کے لیے نہایت فکر مند بھی رہتے تھے، آزاد ہندوستان میں جن مسائل نے مسلمانان ہند کی زندگی تلخ اور مکدر کر رکھی ہے، ان پر شور و غوغا مچانے لچھے دار باتیں اور دھواں دار تقریریں کرنے اور پُرجوش تحریریں لکھنے والے تو بہت سارے لوگ ہیں لیکن ان پر مولانا کی طرح تڑپنے، بے چین ہوجانے، درد و کرب خلش و اضطراب میں مبتلا ہونے والے بہت کم لوگ ہیں، وہ مسلمانوں کی فلاح و بہود کے لیے دعا و مناجات میں بھی مصروف رہتے تھے اور ملک کے گوشے گوشے کی خاک بھی چھانتے رہتے تھے، ان کے گریہ شب اور دعا ہائے سحر گاہی سے گھبرا کر ابلیس بھی یہ کہتا رہا ہوگا کہ
خال خال اس قوم میں اب تک نظر آتے ہیں وہ
Imbibing reading habits is an essential skill necessary in the acquisition of knowledge, which is highly demanding in the life of every student in the academic environment. However, as modern technological resources keep on advancing, the reading habits of students are also changing with reading on screen. This study examined the reading habits of college sophomore students as affected by technological resources. The survey instruments, distributed to 254 college sophomore students at the Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College, allowed the respondents to assess their reading habits in terms of reading hours, reading purposes, reading content, and reading attitude, with the technological resources as their tool. The data gathered in the study was analyzed statistically using the simple frequency count and percentage, mean, and Pearson correlation. The findings revealed that the college sophomores achieved an average level in their English subjects. In addition, it was found that the technology resources were moderately adequate to be used for reading among the college sophomores. Despite this, the results still showed that college sophomore students spent 2-3 hours a day reading, primarily in preparation for their exams. In addition, they read the available reading content moderately often, and they perceive a positive attitude towards the use of technological resources for reading. Furthermore, it was revealed that there is a significant relationship between reading habits and academic achievements. The study's findings will be used to improve instructional approaches and to launch e-reading initiatives in colleges.
Water scarcity represents a significant challenge to agriculture in Pakistan and globally. Further, climate change has been altering the rainfall intensity, pattern and distribution causing extreme weather events. Water inadequacy causes ethylene production in plants which impedes root development and decreases the ability of plants to absorb more water and nutrients. Moreover, ethylene works as a root to shoot stress signal and affects the plant physiological responses toward drought conditions. There are certain rhizobacteria that have ACCd enzymatic ability to reduce stress ethylene synthesis and enhance root growth. The current study examines the effect of ACCd containing rhizobacteria on velvet bean growth and physiological responses under drought stress. In this study 253 strains were initially isolated from velvet bean rhizosphere, 142 (56%) of the strains could utilize ACC as the only nitrogen source. Various laboratory scale experiments were carried out for further bacterial screening for ACCd activity and plant growth promotion of velvet bean seedlings, particularly root growth under axenic conditions. During plant growth experiments few ACCd containing strains were effectual in enhancing root growth (30 – 40% over control) under well watered and stressed conditions. On the basis of plant growth promotion, the best performing isolates were used in pot experiments with continuous water stress. Inoculation caused significant increase in root and shoot growth of stressed plants. The classical triple response bioassay and ex-situ ACCd analysis confirmed the microbial ability to metabolise ACC, which induced that selected strains were capable of reducing ethylene production. Isolates showed significant decrease in ethylene release (more than 50% over control) from leaves and roots of stressed xviii plants. In a second pot experiment, two rhizobacterial strains (G9 and HS9) were used as a consortium with continuous water stress. Co-inoculation enhanced the shoot and root biomass (90% and 40% respectively over control) under both well watered and water stressed conditions. ACCd active co-inoculation significantly increased the stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate, internal carbon dioxide (Ci), and overall plant water use efficiency compare to uninoculated stressed plants. Consequently co-inoculated plants were more resistant to drought by maintaining their gas exchange and photosynthetic processes. Co-inoculation significantly decreased leaf and root ACC concentration (nmol g-1) and ethylene release (nl h-1 g-1) relative to un-inoculated stressed plants. The emission of various BVOCs was increased with stress conditions regardless of bacterial inoculation. Isoprene release increased as drought became severe but showed inhibition at severe drought stress. High microbial root colonization was observed in stressed plants having more ACC in the rhizosphere. The best strains in the consortium were closely related with families of the Genus Bacillus and Enterobacter. The selected strains were effective and consistent for reducing the drought inhibitory effect and could be a beneficial approach to enhance plant growth and crop yield under water limited conditions. There use would be a valuable environmentally friendly approach to decrease ethylene and emission and enable plants to endure water stress condition