Professional Standards Training and Understanding Pre-School Teachers’ Knowledge About Professional Standards

Theimprovement of the teacher’s quality, including teachers in general and preschool teachers in particular, hasgained interested in many countries around the world. Currently, most countries in the world have issued a framework of competency or professional standards for teachers as a basis for preschool teachers to self-assess and be assessed for their qualities and competenciet. On that basis, preschool teachers can implement the plan of quality training, strengthen and improve professional expertise. This article, the author conducts research to evaluate the implementation of the professional standards manual of schools and the teacher's understanding of professional standards. This is considered an important factor that will contribute to improving the effectiveness of teacher ratings according to professional standards. In this study, the author uses mainly quantitative research methods (survey, descriptive statistics and inference statistics) to clarify the problems that the research has posed. Research results show that there is a relationship between standard manual training and preschool teachers' understanding of professional standards. Standards instructors have a good understanding of professional standards. Especially the training is organized by the school and the education and training department, so the training classes are small, with a small number of participants and therefore higher quality.

Influence of the Head Teachers Effectiveness of Communication on Professional Orientation of Teachers: A Case Study

This study investigates how the head teacher's effectiveness of communication influences the professional orientation of teachers in a government secondary school in an urban setting in Pakistan. The study was conducted in a qualitative research paradigm using case study method. Data was collected from the head teacher of the school as the primary participant and three teachers were approached as the secondary participants, using semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis. The data was analyzed thematically. Analysis and interpretation of the data confirms that effective communication of the head teacher is vital for proper functioning of the school and it has a significant influence on culture of the school in general and professional orientation of teachers in particular. The communication of the head teacher with teachers was found to be particularly effective in matters of classroom practices, positive interaction of colleagues, teachers' efficacy and maintaining discipline. Findings of the study suggest that building on the existing strengths of the head teacher's communication, its effectiveness could be extended to other areas, such as assigning responsibilities and staff meetings *'here it needs to be improved. The findings of the study also have several implications for head teachers, teachers and distinct education officials in the same setting. The study raises many interesting questions with regard to influence of the head teacher's communication on teachers' behaviour and attitude. These questions need further exploration.