Knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medical population of Lahore, Pakistan Evidence Based Pharmaceutical Care

Pharmaceutical care related services provided by pharmacists in the community are mainly taking patients' medication history, informing patients about use of medications, informing patients about medication storage, and provide information about drug and/or food interaction. Objective: Toevaluate the knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medicalpopulation of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A sample of 100 participants was drawn by using non-convenient sampling in this cross-sectional survey. Survey was conducted within the duration of 6 months from 2nd June, 2020 to 15th December, 2020. Data was collected from participants of different universities, societies and hospitals, having age between 25-40 years, both genders without discrimination of profession. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Qualitative data was calculated using frequencies and percentages. Results: In this study 63% medical and 37% non-medical participants respond to questionnaire. About 34% of the population had knowledge about pharmaceutical care. Almost 23%had lack of knowledge about pharmaceutical care while 43%participants did not respond. Conclusions: The knowledge about pharmaceutical care in general community is very vital and pharmacist shouldprovide knowledge and pharmaceutical care services to the patients.

The American Novel and the Question of Womens Equality in the Late 19Th Century

The study explores the question of women’s equality in the late 19th-century American novel and society through the lenses of New Historicism, Reader Response (Reception History), and (American) Feminism. From the vast world of American literature, the study focuses on four American novelists: Louisa May Alcott, Henry James, Kate Chopin, and Theodore Dreiser, specifically on their magnum opuses–Little Women, The Portrait of a Lady, The Awakening, and Sister Carrie– that address the question of women’s equality from many nuanced angles. Primarily, the study hinges on how the four writers, who were already grappling with the emergent feminist movement, were influenced by injustices to women. These writers were inspired to shape their novels to both reflect and critique Victorian constraints on women. After considering the lukewarm public responses to the universal theme of these authors, the study gauges how these novels contributed to changing the position of American women in terms of social, personal, sexual, economic, and political equality inlate 19th-and early 20th-century. Collectively, the four novels, step-by-step, advance/d the cause of women’s equality as the literary progenitors of American Feminism with their protagonists'' multi-faceted notions of liberty, contributing their share in laying the base for the upcoming waves of Feminism. Literary pieces like these have helped transform American social institutions, making America the capital of global attention for women’s rights. Like the 19th-century critics, modern-day readers feel that these novels illustrate a powerful call for women’s equality both inside and outside the U.S. Finally, these novels could inspire (literary) writers in Pakistan— particularly in Pashtun belt, where women''s lack of equal rights is the most burning and critical issue—to address women’s rights as a means to create a fertile ground for gender equality.