ماحولیاتی آلودگی اور اس کا سدباب: سیرت نبویﷺکی روشنی میں ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Today, the whole world is facing the dangerious issues of environmental pollution. There is a lot of piles of garbage, plastic bags and waste are found in common routes and streets, the use of bacterial and antiseptic chemicals, smoking as well as the excessives use of machinery causes the abundance of smoke and due to the noise of vehicles, rugs, motorcycles, factories and airplanes, our daily pollution is increasing daily. As a result, many problems including various types of illness and seasonal variations are becoming a major challenge for today's modern era. In order to deal with it, it is important for us to study and follow the instructions of the Prophet (PBUH). Prophet (PBUH) has taken important measures to protect environmental pollution. He has prescribed some precautionary measures to prevent the spreading of dirt in society and keeping the environment clean to avert the soil pollution. For the purpose of aviation of air pollution, the prophet has ordered to populate it with the livestock andplantation. To cope with water pollution, it was emphasized to keep water clean and cleaness of air from odor and dirt. In this modern era, prevention of environmental pollution without following these instructions is impossible. This article has invesitaged on prevention of enviromental pollution and cleanliness of enviroment in the light of Sīrah.

Effect of Hormonal Contraceptives on Serum Serotonin and Ldl/Hdl Ratio

To reduce morbidity and mortality due to induced abortions, as most of these terminate into septic cases, the use of safe contraceptive methods has to be identified. Hormonal contraception is the most widely used method all over the world. The purpose of this study was to compare the laboratory derived variables in groups of subjects using combined oral pills or injectable contraceptives and the women who were not using oral pills or injectable contraceptives in their reproductive age (15-49yrs). This study identified a simple method to determine an efficient and reliable method of hormonal contraception. It will facilitate the population planners and health providers to propagate safe and efficient method of contraception for use by general population. For this purpose a comparative cross-sectional study was designed and carried out in Hazara University, Mansehra. The study sample comprised 300 married fertile women who were non-pregnant and non-lactating. Subjects were divided into three groups: controls, subjects using combined oral pills and subjects using injectable contraceptives (progestogen only). The laboratory derived variables studied were (a) serum serotonin (b) lipid profile including serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C. Fasting blood samples were taken and tests were performed.. A 5% level of significance (p≤0.05) was taken. There was no statistically significant difference of BMI among the groups. Serum serotonin, serum toal cholesterol, serum triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio showed a statistically significant difference. There was no significant difference of dietary nutrients intake among all the three groups. Physical activity did not showed any significant correlation among three groups. In group 1, it was positively correlated with BMI, serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerrides and LDL-C. Whereas, it was negatively correlated with serum serotonin, HDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio. Physical activity in group 2 was positively correlated with BMI, serum total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio. Whereas, it was negatively correlated with serum serotonin and serum triglycerides. Physical activity in group 3 was positively correlated with BMI, serum serotonin and serum triglycerides, it was negatively correlated with serum total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio. Similarly, BMI was also not statistically correlated with serum markers. BMI in group 1 was positively correlated with serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C, it was negatively correlated with serum serotonin and LDL/HDL ratio. BMI in group 2 was positively correlated with LDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio, it was negatively correlated with serum serotonin, serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides and HDL-C. BMI in group 3 was positively correlated with serum serotonin, serum total cholesterol and LDL-C and it was negatively correlated with serum triglycerides , HDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio. In the present study, hormonal contraceptives led to changes in serum serotonin, lipid profiles and LDL/HDL ratio. Dietary intake of essential nutrients should be checked while using hormonal contraceptives.