شاہد رضوان کے افسانے
(موضوعاتی مطالعہ)
شاہد رضوان افسانے کی روایت سے جڑا ایک ایسا افسانہ نگار ہے جس کے ہاں استعاراتی اور نیم علاقائی کیفیات بھی ٹھوس ماحول میں سیال کی صورت بہتی نظر آتی ہیں۔ان کے افسانوی موضوعات ہمارے معاشرے ہی سے جنم لیتے ہیں اور جس تنہائی اور بے کسی کے دور سے ہم گزر رہے ہیں اس کی جھلکیاں ان کی کہانیوں میں جا بجا ملتی ہیں۔ ان کے اسلوب میں روانی اور افسانہ لکھنے کا سلیقہ موجود ہے۔ ان کے افسانوں کے انتساب ہی سے ان کی راہوں کی شد بد ہو جاتی ہے۔
منٹو جیسے عظیم افسانہ نگار کا پیرو افسانے کے اندرونی نظم وضبط سے کیسے بے خبر ہو سکتا ہے؟ شاعر ہونے کے ناطے وہ الفاظ کے استعمال اور ان کی موسیقانہ لہروں سے کیونکر کام نہیں لے سکتا۔ یہ تمام تر خوبیاں ان کے افسانوں میں موجود ہیں۔شاہد رضوان ملک کے ابھرتے ہوئے ان افسانہ نگاروں میں شمار ہوتے ہیں جن کے افسانوں کے موضوعات میں خاصا تنوع ہے۔ان کے افسانوں میںحب الوطنی کے جذبات ،اپنوں کے کھونے کا غم،خوشیوں کا احساس،زندگی کا کرب،عورت کی معاشرتی مجبوریاں، محبت کی پسپائی،ستم ظریفی، جنسی رویہ،تہذیبی رکھ رکھاؤ ،حتیٰ کہ زندگی کا ہر رخ اور ہر پہلو ملتا ہے۔ ان کے افسانوں میں جدید معاشرت بولتی دکھائی دیتی ہے۔
شاہد رضوان کے شعور میں اچھائی اور برائی کے خانے بڑے واضح رنگ میں منقسم دکھائی دیتے ہیں مگر وہ اپنے قارئین کو کسی تلقین کے ذریعے قائل نہیں کرتا بلکہ انہیں باتوں میں لگا لیتا ہے۔ یوں وہ ان کی معصومیت سے فائدہ اٹھاتے ہوئے ان کو اپنی مطلوبہ وادیوں میں لے جاتا ہے۔وہ کہانی کا اختتام نہیں کرتا بلکہ اسے قاری ہی پر چھوڑ دیتا ہے کہ وہ خود سوچے اور نتیجہ اخذ کرے۔
شاہد رضوان تفصیلات،محاکمات اور جزئیات نگاری...
The Arabic word "عائلہ" ʿĀʾilah is customary to refer to wife and home. In Urdu language, the appropriate substitutes for this word are clan and family whereas a "family" usually comprises husband, wife and kids. Family life is also known as domestic life which is not merely a pillar of a society but also is its foundation. A home is the basic unit of domestic life and society. Contentment, peace and stability of a home depend on good and pleasant relations between husband and wife. In case the understanding between husband and wife are deficient, their relations suffer largely and become weak. Islam assigns increased significance to a firm family system in the human society. It is the family environment which is the beginning of human life. A family is the basic natural institution of human society which sustains since the time of Adam (A.S.), and as long as human societies exist, the status of family will also survive and prevail. Each human child coming into this world takes birth in a family where it is brought up to flourishes in family environment. The present-day secular environment, secular education and a society lacking the teachings of Allāh and Messenger Muḥammad (S.A.W.) has deviated the Muslims from their real objective of life and the thought about the life hereafter. Today’s Muslim carries the tendency of leading his life according to his own free will and desires instead of leading his life according to the teachings of the holy Qurʾān and the tradition of the Messenger Muḥammad (S.A.W.). He feel highly uncomfortable to pass his life as per instructions contained in the holy Qurʾān and the tradition of Muḥammad (S.A.W.). Various institutions and so-called NGOs in the name of women’s rights and enlightenment are causing increased complexities for women. Today, woman is getting far and farther from her home and households. On the plea of enlightenment and freedom she is getting away from the religious teachings, her husband and also from her children. The state under influence of these organizations has, without appropriate consideration and detailed thought, framed laws against a second marriage. This legislation has affected the society and opened way for more perversion, distance from the faith and several other social complexities which instead of finding some solution are becoming more and more intricate.
Scoliosis is a disease, which disfigures and distorts human body, often effecting vital organs, resulting in morbidity and even mortality in severe cases. It is defined as rotations and lateral curvatures of an individual’s spinal column. Scoliosis can be classified into 3 types — infantile (0-3 years), juvenile (4-7 years) and idiopathic (8 years and above). The last one is most common. A two-minute-orthopedic examination of children, in the age group seven- to ten-years, may alert the health-care provider to early-warning signals, provided the examination is conducted by properly trained professionals and child is barefoot and completely undressed except short underpants. The major problem is either following up children, who are not at risk (wasting human resources) or missing up checks on those who are most prone to acquiring this condition (not directing human resources at the target population). In order to resolve this issue, a mathematical index, ‘Cumulative-Scoliosis-Risk Weightage (CSRW)’ is proposed and tested on a sample population of seven- to eight-year old children studying in a local school of Karachi. This index is computed on the basis of child’s age, history of spinal deformities in family, tallness/wasting in child, Adam’s forward-bending test, plumb-line not aligned, drooping of one shoulder, scapulae uneven, midline of back C or S shaped, body triangles not equal, one of the spinal dimples at a higher level as compared to the other and moiré picture asymmetric about the sagittal plane. A high CSRW warranted differential-spinalfunction- testing before sending the child for X rays. Effective methods are the need of hour to reduce or even rule out un-required X rays, since they may be harmful to the delicate bone marrow of growing population. Differential-spinal-function testing consists of four tests — visual examinations in the standing and the sitting positions as well as forward bending tests in the standing and the sitting positions. The study was conducted (after approval from the Ethics Committee of University of Karachi) on 81 school children (28 boys; 53 girls), who were followed up for three years. Threshold values of CSRW were determined for deciding about the at-risk cases. A CSRW of 5.5 after the first check up, 6.5 after the second check up and 7.5 after the third check up, respectively, called for including the child in list of those, who should be followed up till the end of their growth periods. Results of this study indicated that girls were twice at risk for acquiring scoliosis as compared to boys.