ڈاکٹر اعجاز حسین ؍ ڈاکٹر مسیح الزماں
گزشتہ مہینہ میں ڈاکٹر اعجاز حسین سابق صدر شعبہ اردو الہ آباد یونیورسٹی کا انتقال حرکت قلب بند ہوجانے سے مظفرپور میں ہوگیا، جہاں وہ ممتحن بن کر گئے ہوئے تھے، ان کی میت الہ آباد لائی گئی، اپنی ملازمت سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد بھی لکھنے پڑھنے کا شغل جاری رکھا تھا، اہم اور مفید کتابوں کے مصنف تھے، جن میں مختصر تاریخ ادب اردو اور نئے ادبی رجحانات وغیرہ زیادہ مقبول ہوئیں، اپنے شاگردوں میں بہت مقبول رہے، ان کی وفات سے اردو ادب ایک بہت ہی لائق مصنف اور خدمت گزار سے محروم ہوگیا، ان سے کچھ ہی روز پہلے ڈاکٹر مسیح الزماں ریڈیو شعبہ اردو الہ آباد یونیورسٹی کی بھی وفات اچانک ہوگئی، اردو کی مرثیہ نگاری ان کا خاص موضوع تھا، ان کی عمر وفا کرتی تو اس صنف میں ان کا ادبی کارنامہ بڑا قابل قدر ہوتا، وہ پروفیسر مسعود حسن رضوی سابق صدر شعبہ اردو لکھنؤ یونیورسٹی کے داماد تھے، جن کے لئے اس کبرسنی میں یہ سانحہ بڑا ہی جانکاہ ہوگا۔
دعا ہے کہ خدا اردو ادب کے ان دونوں خدمت گزاروں کو غریق رحمت کرے، آمین ثم آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، مارچ ۱۹۷۵ء)
In the post-industrial revolution world, social change is often studied and understood in the context of change in means of production, mobility, urbanization and change in the constitution of workforce. Role of ethical values is generally confined to personal conduct and manners. Industrial society is supposed to have its own work ethics which may or may not agree with personal ethics and morality. Ethics and morality are generally considered, in the Western thought, as a social construct. Therefore, with the change in means of production or political system, values and morality are also expected to be re-adjusted in order to cope with the changed environment. Sometimes a totally new set of values emerges as a consequence of the change in economic, political, or legal set up. The present research tries to understand the meaning and place of these values in a global socio-cultural framework. Relying essentially on the divine principles of the Qur'ān it makes an effort to understand relevance of these universal and ultimate principles with human conduct and behavior in society. It indicates that essentially it is the core values, principles, or norms which guide human beings in their interpersonal, social, economic and political matters. Islam being a major civilizing force, culture, and the way of life, provides values which guide both in individual and social matters. The values given by the Qur’ān and the Sunnah are not monopoly of the Muslim. These values are universal and are relevant in a technological society.
Proper seeding depth insure optimum plant population along with suitable nitrogen application method having biochar doses helps in improving soil physcio chemical properties which in turnimprove yield and yield components of sugar beet. A field experiment on the “effects of seeding depth, nitrogen and biochar placement on selected quantitative and qualitative attributes of sugar beet” was conducted at Sugar Crop Research Institute (SCRI) Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan during 2011-12 and 2012-13. Sugar beet seeds were sown on flat top of ridges.The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split plot treatment arrangement. Seeding depths (1, 2, 3, and 4cm) was the main plot, nitrogen and biochar application method was the subplot. Each treatment combination was replicated 4 times. Sugar beet variety KWS-1451 was seeded in rows 60 cm apart with each plot having 6 rows (3.6 m) and a length of 4 m. In row seed spacing was 20 cm. A uniform rate of 120 kg ha-1 phosphorus was applied pre-plant to the entire study area. Nitrogen was applied at rate of 140 kg ha-1 to subplot from urea were applied by band or broadcast methods in two splits at seeding and V30 leaf stage. Biochar was also applied at 25 and 50 t ha-1. The data collected on various parameters were statistically analyzed using planned mean comparisons to explain significant variations. Seeding depths significantly (P≤0.05) affected all the yield and its related parameters. Sugar beetseed placed near soil surface (1cm, 2cm) showed significant germinationand significantly increased leaf area, leaf area index (≅11%), beet root length, foliage weight plant-1, beet root weight plant-1, foliage yield, beet root yield, total biomass yieldand sugar yield when planted at 2 cm depth as compared to 3 cm and 4 cm depth. Nitrogen application method significantly affected most of the sugar beet yield parameters. Band placement method enhanced leaf area, leaf area index, beet root length, foliage weight plant-1, beet root weight plant-1, foliage yield (≅11%), beet root yield, total biomass yield and sugar yield (≅11%) as compared to broadcast. The addition of biochar has significantly improved soil fertility resulting an increase in leaf area, leaf area index, beet root length, foliage weight plant-1, beet root weight plant-1, foliage yield, beet root yield, total biomass yield and sugar yield when 50 t ha-1 was incorporated. Mean comparisons of the treatments ( broadcast + 25t ha-1 biochar, broadcast + 50 t ha-1, band + 25t ha-1 biochar and band + 50t ha-1 biochar ) showed considerable improvement in leaf area (≅49%), leaf area index (≅61%), beet root length (≅38%), beet root diameter (≅46%), foliage weight plant-1 (≅64%), beet root weight plant-1 (≅52%), foliage yield (≅73%), beet root yield (≅63%), total biomass yield (≅58%) and sugar yield (≅67%). Conclusively, the incorporation of banded nitrogen 140 kg ha-1 integrated with 25 t ha-1 biochar applied at 2 cm depth produced net income of Rs.5,39,044/- ha-1, however, an affirmed nitrogen band together with 50 t ha-1 biochar at 2cm depth produced net income of Rs.4,90,901/- ha-1 as best combination for sustainable production in sugar beet. The incorporation of 50 t ha-1 biochar gave low income as compared to 25 t ha-1 but potentially benefy the series of upcoming crops yields by improving soil physico-chemical properties.