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Home > الجذور الفكرية للادب العربي الحديث1860-1960مThe Roots of Modern Arabic Literature1860-1960

الجذور الفكرية للادب العربي الحديث1860-1960مThe Roots of Modern Arabic Literature1860-1960

Thesis Info

Author

عثمان محمد يوسف

Program

Mphil

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

184

Subject

Comparative Religions

Language

Arabic

Other

Available at Dr Hamidullah Library,Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Pakistan on T/87

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676721285212

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باب سوم : خطہء سیالکوٹ نثری ادب

مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی

مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی(۱۸۶۴ء۔۱۹۰۷ء) کی شاعری کے ساتھ ساتھ نثری ادب میں بھی نمایاں خدمات ہیں۔نثر میں وہ بہترین سوانح نگاروں میں شامل ہیں۔ سوانح نگاری کی صنف باقی اصنافِ نثر کے مقابلے میں اپنے ماحول اور اس کے رحجانات کی عکاسی زیادہ بہتر انداز میں کرتی ہے۔ اُردو میں سوانح نگاری کا آغاز عہد سر سید سے ہوتا ہے۔ حالی کی ’’حیاتِ جاوید ‘‘ ،’’یادگارِ غالب‘‘ شبلی کی ’’سیرت النبیؐ ‘‘ اور ’’سیرت النعمان‘‘ میں سوانح نگاری کے قائم کردہ معیار کی پیروی ایک عرصے تک کی جاتی رہی۔ سرسید کا دور مذہبی مناظر ے اور بحث و مباحثے کا دور ہے لہٰذا اس دور کی سوانح عمریاں اپنے عہدکی عکاس ہیں۔
اس دور کے مشہور سوانح نگاروں میں : مرزا حیرت دہلوی، احمد حسن خان، عبدالحلیم شرر، منشی محمد الدین فوق، مولوی احمد دین ،احمد حسین الہٰ آباد ی ، مولوی ذکاء اﷲ ، سراجدین احمد ،نذیر احمد ،قاضی سلیمان ،عبدالرزاق کانپوری اور مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی اہم ہیں۔
فضائل اسلام فی ذکر خیر الانام المعروف سیرت النبیؐ یا تاریخ نبویؐ مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی کی پہلی باقاعدہ نثری تالیف ہے۔ اس کتاب کا پہلا ایڈیشن مفید عام پریس لاہور سے ۱۸۸۶ء میں شائع ہوا اور’’ نماز اور اس کی حقیقت‘‘ مولوی صاحب موصوف کی دوسری نثری تالیف ہے ۔یہ کتاب منشی فیض علی نے پنجاب پریس سیالکوٹ سے ۱۸۹۰ ء میں شائع کی۔ ’’تفسیر فیروزی پارہ اول‘‘ مولوی صاحب کی تیسری تصنیف ہے۔ یہ کتاب ۱۸۹۰ء میں سیالکوٹ مفید عام پریس سے شائع ہوئی۔ ’’تکذیب و ید‘‘ مولوی صاحب کی چوتھی تصنیف ۱۸۹۰ء میں پنجاب پریس سیالکوٹ سے شائع ہوئی۔ ’’تصدیق الا لہام‘‘ مولوی صاحب موصوف کی مناظراقی تصنیف ہے جو ۱۸۹۰ء میں پنجاب پریس سیالکوٹ سے طبع ہوئی۔’’ دعائے گنج العرش و تعویز گنج العرش‘‘ مولوی...

ذرائع ابلاغ کے معاشرے پر منفی اثرات

Media often hypes the basic facts or information and presents them so as to increase the superficial appeal of things. The negative effects of media are seen in terms of media changing the people’s outlook on life. Media have changed the cultural and moral values of society. A majority of the audiences believe in what is depicted by the media. The negative effects of media in particular on children are manifested in terms of their changing mental set-up and the declining quality of their lifestyle. The media that is easily accessible to even small children exposes them to things they need not know and will not understand. This article explains deeply about the Negative effects of media on Society.

Evaluation of Rhizobacterial Isolates Against Pythium and Phytophthora Spp. Associated With Chilli and Tomato Crops

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) and chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) crops are of significant importance regarding their nutritional and economic concerns. The yield of the produce is relatively low as compared to the other countries of the world due to pre and post-harvest losses caused by various biotic and abiotic limiting factors. Pythium and Phytophthora spp. are notorious fungal-like pathogenic oomycetes associated with damping off, seed rot and late blight diseases in chilli and tomato crops. Synthetic agrochemicals are extensively used to control these pathogens and can be toxic and can pollute the environment. Moreover, this method of disease control is not much effective due to the soil-borne nature and rapid multiplication ability of these pathogens. The present study was conducted to explore the antagonistic potential of naturally occurring rhizobacteria against these pathogens. For this purpose, an extensive survey was conducted during 2015 - 2016 cropping year in major tomato and chilli growing areas in various districts of Punjab province viz., Attock, Chakwal, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Jhelum, Okara, Rawalpindi, and Sialkot. The survey revealed maximum disease incidence 45.5 % and 41.6 % from chilli fields in Okara and Sialkot districts respectively while from tomato fields, 40.1 % and 39.15 % disease incidence was recorded from Sialkot and Okara districts respectively. From Phytophthora spp. infected tomato fields, maximum disease incidence was recorded at 66.3 % and 55.6 % from Okara and Sialkot districts respectively. Rhizobacteria are rhizospheric beneficial agents which colonize plant roots, aid in disease suppression and plant growth enhancement. A total of 130 rhizobacterial isolates were recovered from soil. Out of the total, 10 isolates were found highly effective antagonists against Pythium and xxix Phytophthora spp. Based on their morphological, biochemical and molecular analysis these rhizobacterial isolates were identified as Pseudomonas koreensis, P. asaccharolticum, Serratia marcscens, S. marcscens, P. putida, P. putida, P. libanensis, P. aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, B. cereus and Burkholderia spp. All these rhizobacteria were compatible with each other and showed significant antibiotic resistance against Ampicillin and Penicillin G while B. subtilis showed resistance against all the tested antibiotics except Streptomycin and Rifampicin at highest concentration of 500 ppm. Rhizobacteria with high antagonistic potential viz., B. subtilis, B. cereus, P. putida and P. fluorescens were mass cultured on four (4) carrier materials viz, Sugarcane straw, wheat straw, wheat porridge and peat soil. All these rhizobacteria showed maximum viability on sugarcane baggas followed by wheat straw at 4 °C up to eighty (80) days. Seed treatment with rhizobacteria + sugarcane baggas (B. subtilis + SB) resulted into maximum seed germination (98 %), minimum seedling mortality (3.25 %) and improvement in plant growth characters viz, shoot and root length, fresh shoot weight, root weight and vigor index. Out of the ten (10) potential antagonists, nine (9) are first time reported against oomycetes from Pakistan that could be further tested for their antagonistic ability against other phytopathogens.