ارشاد ڈیروی کے فن و شخصیت کا اگر تحقیقی جائزہ لیا جائے ، تو اسی کی دہائی میں ’’ نین سوالی‘‘ لے کر1995ء میں ادبی منظر نامے پر نمودار ہوتا ہے، جس میں ان کے ڈوہڑے ، قطعے ، گیت اور ابتدائی دور کی غزلیں شامل ہیں، مگر یہ ابتدائی چیزیں اس بات کی غماز ہیں کہ:
’’دل طائر میں اڑنے کا ابھی امکان باقی ہے‘‘
’’نین سوالی ‘‘ کا چاہئے ڈوہڑا ہو یا گیت ، قطعہ ہو یا غزل امکانات سے بھرپور ہے، ارشاد ڈیروی ایک بااعتماد شاعر ہیں انھیں اپنے کام اور کلام پر مکمل یقین ہے، کلامِ شاعر یزبان شاعر مشاعرے اورسٹیج پہ سننے کا انھیں ایک اپنا لطف ہے۔
ارشاد ڈیروی کے مجموعہ ہائے کلام کے ناموں پر اگر غور کیا جائے تو ان کے تلازے اور علامتیں انھوں نے شعوری اور غیر شعوری طور پر استعمال کیے ہیںان کے پیچھے ایک ایک داستان مل سکتی ہے، شاعر کا الفاظ کا استعمال اگرچہ بظاہر غیر محسوس انداز ہی ہوتا ہے ، مگر
تیرگی میں دیکھنے کو چشمِ بینا چاہیے
ہر لفظ کی تہہ میں ایک بات ہوتی ہے، اور درحقیقت بات وہی ہوتی ہے ارشاد ڈیروی کی خصوصیت اور انفرادیت یہ ہے ، کہ وہ صرف شاعرہی نہیں یعنی خوابوں اور خیالوں کی دنیا میں رہنے والا ہی نہیں بلکہ ایک محنت کش بھی ہے، اور مزدور بھی جن کے بارے میں ملتا ہے، الکاسب حبیب اللہ یعنی محنتی اللہ کا دوست ہے۔ان کے’’نین سوالی ‘‘ لب ورخسار کا نہیں پوچھتے ، بلکہ دل دہلادینے والے حسرت زدہ سوالی نین ہیں، یہ وہی سوال ہیں جن کے بارے میں فیض احمد فیض نے کہا تھا!
مجھ سے پہلی سی محبت مرے محبوب نہ مانگ
Since the Arab spring, youth have been politically active in Asia through various modes. Regime revolution or failed takeover on 15 July 2016, in Turkey is its vibrant example. However, it’s unfortunate that the political perception, intention or attitude of youth towards democracy have not been included in the process of policy making. As a result, youth activism in politics remained unrecognized. Therefore, present work is an effort to explore democratic attitude of youth in Pakistan. The state of Pakistan has been selected because 64 % of her population comprises youth. Current study examines democratic attitude through four major independent variables: economic growth, democratic values, public participation and political stability. Data was collected from the respondents who were in between 18-35 years of age by distributing a survey questionnaire which was adopted from the literature. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 24.0. Result of the study suggests that all the developed hypotheses were accepted. Additionally, study finds that despite massive corruption, social injustice, favoritism, nepotism, political instability, economic crisis and many other problems, Pakistani youth overwhelmingly considers democracy, as the potential form of government and dislike any alternative of it. Current study may be the first stone in the stagnant water not only in measuring democratic attitude of young generation but it will also help them to understand what sort of democracy is needed in Pakistan.
PQ4R is an acronym which stands for Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite and Review. This is a learning strategy both for teachers and students. It also helps old and young as well as slow learners. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PQ4R strategy on the academic achievement of slow learners in English at secondary level. The main objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of PQ4R strategy on slow learners’(i) Reading comprehension (ii) Oral Reading Fluency (iii) Reading speed/rate, accuracy and Prosody (iv) Level of Attention and Involvement. To achieve the mentioned objectives the following hypotheses were tested. (Ho1): There is no significant difference between the mean score of pre-test and post test of experimental group on reading comprehension test. (Ho2): There is no significant difference between the mean score of pre-test and post-test of experimental group on Reading Speed/Rate test. (Ho3): There is no significant difference between the mean score of pre-test and post-test of experimental group on Reading Accuracy test. (Ho4): There is no significant difference between the mean score of pre-test and post-test of experimental group on Reading Prosody scale.(Ho5): PQ4R study strategy does not enhance slow learners level of Attention.(Ho6): PQ4R study strategy does not enhance slow learners level of involvement. Govt. High School No:1 for boys Tordher Swabi was selected for the experiment through convenient sampling. A sample of 20 slow learners was selected from 9th class students of the sampled school. The instruments developed for the collection of data were Reading comprehension pre and post tests, Reading speed and reading accuracy pre and post tests and prosody scale as pre and post tests. An observational check list was also developed to observe experimental group level of attention and involvement during treatment. Preexperimental one group pre-test, post-test design was used. The students were prexiii tested and then exposed to six weeks treatment. They were taught through PQ4R strategy. After the completion of treatment the students were post-tested. For the analysis of data t-test at 0.05 significance level was used. Descriptive statistics and chi-square were also used for the analyses of data obtained through checklist regarding students’ levels of attention and involvement. Data analysis revealed that the experimental group scored significantly better on pos-test than pre-test in the areas of reading comprehension and in the three sub-skills of fluency that were reading speed, reading accuracy and prosody. The students also showed high level of attention and involvement observed through the analysis of observational checklist. Thus PQ4R strategy proved to be effective in increasing slow learners’ academic achievement. On the basis of findings, it was recommended that English teachers should use PQ4R strategy. For this purpose, English teachers need to be properly trained. It was also recommended that curriculum designer should also consider PQ4R strategy.