مکی دور نبوت اور مسلم اقلیت کافقہ السیرۃ کی روشنی میں سماجی مطالعہ

The life of Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) is described as role model in Holy Quran for all the Muslims and known as Uswa.e. Hasna. So, the importance of the life history of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) in every period before prophet hood and as a prophet cannot be denied in any walk of life. But the makki period of the Prophet’s life has not enlightened in such a way as it has importance. Many aspects of makki period has been discussed in history and seerah writing but along with this a lot of aspects has been not given due importance in contemporary seerah writing. The basic sources of hadith o seerah provides lots of material on this aspect. In the makki period, Muslims were in minority and they had to face a lot of religious, social, economic and political issues in their lives. Now a days, in modern world majority of Muslims lives in western and non. Muslim societies and have to spend their lives as minority in that socities. In a state of minority, they have to face a lot of religious, social and economical issues in their lives. These problems can be solved in the light of seerah especially from the teachings of makki period, it can provide a lot of religious solutions in contemporary societies in a better way. This article will throw light on teachings of makki period and discuss the solutions of Muslim’s problems as minority in the light of fiqh. Ul. Seerah.

Investmant in non-financial corporations: a case of Pakistan

Micro Data use to understand aggregate macroeconomic relationships is increasing after critique by micro-economists on the census data sets, especially after the recent Global Financial Crisis. ln Pakistan, work on investment was done using Census of Manufacturing Industries (CMI) Data. In this study of investment function, relationship is tested with micro Balance Sheet data. Data was constructed for this purpose of non-financial registered firms in Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) from 1988 to 2011 of 323 consistent firms. Empirical work is done by using Panel data estimation approaches. Different investment theories are tested through a nested approach. Empirical results in Pakistan do match with established theories of investment. lnvestment relationship is established by using Jorgenson neo-classical model, accelerator theory based on sales. Tobin‘s q-ratio theory, capacity utilization theory, and financial constraints theories. It is found that cash flow, q-ratio, firm size, and taxes are statistically significant. Marco variables like GDP, exchange rate, and average lending rate affect investment in Pakistan