مولانا حکیم برکات احمد صاحب بہاری ٹونکی
پچھلے مہینہ ایک اور فاضل زمانہ نے اپنی جگہ خالی کردی، یکم ربیع الاول ۱۳۴۷ھ کو استاد الوقت مولانا حکیم برکات احمد صاحب بہاری ٹونکی نے وفات پائی، مرحوم اس عہد کے ان یگانہ اساتذہ میں تھے، جن کے حلقہ درس نے سینکڑوں کاملین فن پیدا کئے، جناب عبداﷲ صاحب ٹونکی کی طرح مرحوم کا خاندان بھی بہار سے ٹونک جاکر آباد ہوا تھا، یہ پندہ برس مولانا عبدالحق خیرآبادی کی صحبت میں رہ کر علوم عقلیہ و حکمیہ میں سرآمد روزگار بنے تھے، ساتھ ہی علم حدیث اور علوم دینیہ کا فیض قاضی محمد ایوب بھوپال سے حاصل کیا تھا، والی ٹونک انکی پوری قدر دانی فرماتے تھے اور ان کو اپنی ریاست کا فخر سمجھتے تھے، دور دور سے طلبہ آکر ان کے حلقۂ تعلیم میں شریک ہوتے تھے اور کامیاب ہوکر واپس جاتے تھے، افسوس کہ یہ سرچشمۂ فیض ہمیشہ کے لئے خشک ہوگیا، ’’رحمۃ اﷲ وبرکاتہ‘‘ ۱۳۴۷ھ تاریخ وفات جس نے نکالی ہے اس پر بھی خدا کی رحمت، رحمۃ اﷲ وبرکاتہ علیہ۔
مرحوم کی بعض فلسفیانہ تصنیفات شائع ہوئی ہیں، مشہور تصانیف حسب ذیل ہیں:
انہارؔ اربعہ تصوف میں، القولؔ الضابط فی تحقیق الوجود الرابط، امامؔ الکلام فی تحقیق الاجسام، فلسفہ میں، حاشیہ برحاشیہ خیر آبادی، برحاشیہ شرح مواقف کلام میں، حاشیہ برجامع ترمذی، حدیث میں، مرحوم نہ صرف اپنے علم و فضل میں، بلکہ اپنے محاسن اخلاق میں بھی پرانے بزرگوں کی شان رکھتے تھے، کتب بینی کا یہ عالم تھا کہ وہ رات بھی جس میں ان کی وفات ہوئی مطالعہ سے ناغہ نہ گئی، نوجوان دنیا ان بوڑھے بزرگوں کی مثال پیدا نہ کرسکے گی۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی،ستمبر ۱۹۲۸ء)
A comparison of the Islamic Banking products offered in the two countries of Pakistan and Malaysia has been discussed in this paper. The research paper uses document analysis to identify different products offered by five full-fledged Islamic banks in Malaysia and Pakistan. It is evident from the research that Islamic banking sector in Pakistan is not tapping its full growth potential as in case of Malaysia. It is also concluded that the trade financing and asset financing products offered by Islamic banks in Malaysia are more diverse than the products offered by its counterparts in Pakistan. The paper gives insight to the Shariah complaint board to introduce new products while learning from the experience of other countries. This research does not focus on investigating the reasons behind these differences; however, it initiates a discourse in this direction.
This study aimed to estimate food demand system in Pakistan and determine the impact of important economic factors such as prices and income on households’ consumption decisions. A Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) of 14 food groups was estimated using secondary data from Household Integrated Economic Survey 2011-12. LA/AIDS estimates of the households’ monthly average food expenditure shares were compared and notable differences were found between urban and rural households, while differences across the provinces were not as profound exhibited. Compensated and uncompensated own/cross price and expenditures elasticities for the food groups were calculated from their estimated expenditure shares obtained from the LA/AIDS. For overall Pakistan, the expenditure elasticities of demand for all the food groups were positive indicating that they were normal goods. The magnitude of expenditure elasticities for milk, meat, fruits, rice, other cereals and baked products were greater than unity, and thus were categorized as luxury goods. Similar pattern of expenditure elasticities were noted in urban and rural regions. For rural household’s tea & coffee and beverages were also found luxury food. Across provinces, the magnitude of expenditure elasticities of demand for sugar, wheat & wheat flour and oil & fats were consistently less than unity, suggesting them as necessities. While milk, meat, fruits and other cereals were found luxury food groups in Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Baked products were preferred as luxury food in Sindh, KP and Baluchistan, while tea & coffee were preferred as luxury food groups in KP and Baluchistan. The estimated own price uncompensated demand elasticities for milk, sugar, vegetables, rice, other cereals, tea & coffee and baked product were greater than one when calculated for overall Pakistan. Comparison of estimated own price uncompensated demand elasticities across urban and rural regions revealed no significant variation. Food groups like milk, sugar, rice, tea & coffee and baked products were more than unit elastic to own price change in both regions. Comparison of estimated own price uncompensated demand elasticities across provinces revealed no significant difference for most of the food groups except, pulses, beverages and other cereals. The cross price uncompensated demand elasticities estimated for most of the food groups pairs were close to zero and were categorized as neutral food groups having no cross-price effect on demand. Only wheat & wheat flour and vegetables with oil & fats and wheat & wheat flour with vegetables were found the notable complements, while rice & fruits and rice & beverages were found substitutes. Based on these findings the study concluded that imposition of income tax or any increase in the general price level could hugely reduce consumption of milk, sugar, vegetables, rice, other cereals, tea & coffee and baked product and households would spend huge share of their income on basic necessities such as wheat & wheat flour, oil & fats, sugar, tea & coffee and vegetables. Government may formulate policies to stabilize food prices to enhance household minimum daily food requirements.