3۔ تحفظ عقل
اللہ تعالیٰ نے جہاں انسان کو لا تعداددوسری نعمتوں سے نوازا ،وہاں عقل وشعور جیسی نعمت سے نواز کر اس پر خاص فضل فرمایا۔ اسی کی بدولت حضرت انسان کو اشرف المخلوقات کا رتبہ ملا۔ اسی کی وجہ سے وہ شر اور خیر میں فرق محسوس کرتا ہے ۔ اسی وجہ سے وہ مکلف بنا اور اللہ تعالیٰ کا نائب، کیونکہ بے عقل اور مجنون کو مرفوع القلم قرار دیا گیاہے ،جیسا کہ قرآن مجیدمیں حکم ربانی ہے
﴿كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آَيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ۔ ﴾237
"اسی طرح تمہارے لیے اپنی نشانیاں بیان کرتا ہے تاکہ تم عقل سے کام لو۔ "
نشہ آور چیزوں میں سے جو عقل و فہم اور شعور کے لئے مہلک ہیں۔ ان میں سے شراب نوشی کو نمایاں مقام حاصل ہے اور دوسری نشہ آور چیزیں انہی کے حکم میں آتی ہیں ۔ زمانہ جاہلیت میں شراب پینے ، پلانے کا رواج عام تھا۔ رسول اللہ ﷺ کی آمد سے امت اور انسانیت کی اصلاح کام شروع ہوا تو جہاں زندگی کے دوسرے گوشوں کی اصلاح کا انتظام ہوا وہاں شراب نوشی کے سلسلے میں بھی رسول اللہ ﷺ نے ہدایات دیں اوراس کے نقصانات بتلائے ۔ قرآن مجید میں شراب نوشی کے مفسدات یوں بیان ہوئے
﴿إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ يُوقِعَ بَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةَ وَالْبَغْضَاءَ فِي الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمْ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَعَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ۔ ﴾238
"شیطان تو یہ چاہتا ہے کہ شراب اور جوئے کے سبب تمہارے میں دشمنی اور رنجش ڈلوادےاور تمہیں اللہ کی یاد سے اور نماز سے روک دے تو تم کو (ان کاموں سے ) باز رہنا چاہیے۔ "
حضرت ابن عمر(م:73ھ) سے مروی ہے کہ آپ ﷺ نے فرمایا
" كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ وَكُلُّ خَمْرٍ حَرَامٌ۔ "239
"ہر نشہ آور چیز خمر یعنی شراب ہے اور ہر...
Research on gender roles in relation to government bureaucratic structures is still minimal. This study aims to find answers to the main problem, namely how the role of women in the local government bureaucracy seen from human resource development aspect in Central Sulawesi Province. This research is a qualitative descriptive study which aims to create a picture of the gender presentation in the bureaucratic staffing and the role of women. The subjects of this study were women who hold echelons. The data collection technique used in this study was literature review. For the validity of the data, the cross check technique was used. The data analysis technique used is the inductive analysis technique. The results showed that the role of women in the local government bureaucracy in Central Sulawesi was still not fully implemented. The echelon holder ratio is still dominated by men. However, it is possible that this ratio will change over time.
The mechanisms linking renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to hypertrophy have not been fully established, but, Ang-(1-7)/Mas reticence and ovariectomy are important contributors. Interleukin cytokines and natriuretic peptides are key regulators of cardiac hypertrophy, lifting the possibility that hypertrophied persons have an impaired interleukins and natriuretic peptides levels. In the present novel study, FVB/N mouse model with Ang-(1-7) receptor Mas genetic deletion and ovariectomy was used to investigate function of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and estrogen in the molecular and endocrine control and regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis and to find their relationship with interleukin-1 and natriuretic peptide families and their receptors via using gender difference approach. - 64 - Immunohistochemical (IHC) and reverse transcription and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed, parallel relating morphological and histological findings. Histological and morphological analyses of heart revealed left ventricular hypertrophy in Ang-(1-7)/Mas-/- female mice (KF) in conjunction with significantly smaller BW (body weight), TL (tibia length), cardiomyocyte nuclei of left ventricle, ANP and NPRA receptor expression reflecting a significantly enlarged HW (heart weight), LV (left ventricle weight), HW/BW (heart weight-to-body weight) ratio, LV/BW (left ventricle-to-body weight) ratio, LV/TL (left ventricle-to-tibia length) ratio, cardiomyocyte diameter of left ventricle, interleukin-1 (alpha, beta, and IL1R1), and BNP expression levels compared to normal females (WF). Correspondingly, enlarged left ventricular hypertrophy in ovariectomized female mice (WFO) was illustrated from significantly higher BW (body weight), HW (heart weight), LV (left ventricle weight), TL (tibia length), cardiomyocyte diameter of left ventricle, interleukin-1 (alpha, beta, and IL1R1), and BNP expressions as well as a fewer cardiomyocyte nuclei of left ventricle, and significantly low expression of ANP, and NPRA levels compared to controls (WF). Ang-(1-7)-/- female mice following ovariectomy (KFO) resulted in significantly higher BW (body weight), TL (tibia length), cardiomyocyte nuclei of left ventricle, natriuretic peptides (BNP, ANP, and NPRA) expression with a significantly diminished HW (heart weight, mg), LV (left ventricle weight), LV/BW (left ventricle-to-body weight) ratio, LV/TL (left ventricle-to-tibia length) ratio, cardiomyocyte diameter of left ventricle, and significantly enlarged interleukin-1 (alpha, beta, and IL1R1) expression in left ventricle compared to Ang-(1-7)-/- females (KF). There was significant reduction in BW (body weight, gm), TL (tibia length, mm), and levels of BNP Ang-(1-7)-/- male (KM) as well as significantly enlarged HW (heart weight, mg), LV (left ventricle weight), LV/BW (left ventricle-to-body weight) ratio, LV/TL (left ventricle-to-tibia length) ratio, cardiomyocyte nuclei of left ventricle, ANP, NPRA, and interleukin-1 (alpha, beta, and IL1R1) expression levels compared to wild type male (WM) indicating left ventricular hyperplasia in Ang-(1-7)-/- male mice (KM) as compared to littermate controls (WM). - 65 - Moreover, wild type female FVB/N mice (WF) showed a significant diminished BW (body weight), TL (tibia length), HW (heart weight), LV (left ventricle weight), cardiomyocyte diameter of left ventricle, cardiomyocyte nuclei of left ventricle, BNP, NPRA, interleukin-1beta and IL1R1 expression in adding together to high ANP and interleukin-1alpha expression levels in comparison with wild type male mice (WM). Confirming our gender based model of cardiac hypertrophy, Ang-(1-7)-/- female mice (KF) had significantly smaller BW (body weight), TL (tibia length), HW (heart weight), cardiomyocyte nuclei of left ventricle, natriuretic peptides (BNP, ANP, and NPRA), interleukin-1beta and IL1R1 expression reflecting a significantly enlarged LV (left ventricle weight), LV/BW (left ventricle-to-body weight) ratio, LV/TL (left ventricle-to-tibia length) ratio, cardiomyocyte diameter of left ventricle, and interleukin-1alpha expression compared to Ang-(1-7)-/- male mice (KM). Consequently, together these findings point toward an individual key cardioprotective function of Ang-(1-7)/Mas and estrogen in restraint pathologic interleukin cytokines expression and augmentation of significant natriuretic peptides as a unique strategy to prevent functional left ventricular myocardium during onset of hypertrophy cascade in adult FVB/N mice.