ورفعنا لک ذکرک
نصیر احمد اخترؔ
نعت وہ لفظ ہے جو اردو ادب میںمحبوبِؐ خدا کی توصیف و ثنا کے لیے مختص ہے۔
نعت کے سلسلے میں پروفیسر ریاض احمد قادر ی کے خوب صورت الفاظ ہیں :
’’نعتِ رسولِؐ مقبول درود شریف کی شعری صورت ہے۔‘‘
نعت کے بارے میں ممتاز حسین کی رائے یوں ہے:
’’ہر وہ شے نعت ہے جس کا تاثر ہمیں حضورِ ؐرحمۃ للعالمیں کی ذات گرامی سے قریب لائے‘‘
’’ورفعناکی صدا ‘‘ میں اس عظیم ہستی کے اوصافِ حمیدہ بیان کیے گئے ہیں جن کی توصیف میںخود ربِ کائنات نے فرمایا’’ورفعنا لک ذکرک‘‘۔محبوبؐ خدا کا ذکر،چاہے درود کی صورت میں ہو یا نعت کی ،دراصل ورفعنالک ذکرک کی تفصیل ہے ۔
نعت کسبی نہیں وہبی ہے۔نعت کا شعر اس وقت ہی زبان کو معطر کرتا ہے جب دل حبِ مصطفیؐ سے لبریز ہو۔محمد عرفان علی خوش نصیب ہیں کہ ان کا نام بھی مقصودِ کائنات کے ثناخواں اور ثنا گو کی فہرست میں شامل ہے۔ خوب صورت شخصیت کے مالک ،عشقِ مصطفیؐ سے مالا مال ہیں۔نعت کی سعادت خدا کی خاص عطا ہے۔ اس لطف و کرم کے بارے میں محترم طالب حسین کوثری نے کہا ہے۔
ہر سخنور کو کہاں ہوتی ہے توفیقِ ثنا
ہاں مگر جس پر خصوصی ہو نِگاہِ مصطفیؐ
نعت کے لوازمات میں سے محبوبِؐ خدا سے والہانہ محبت بنیادی حیثیت رکھتی ہے۔جو شاعر جتنارسول ؐ خدا کی محبت سے سرشار ہو گا۔اس کے کلام میں اتنا ہی سرور و کیف زیادہ ہو گا۔جناب محمدعرفانؔ علی کی نعتوں میں جو کیف و سرور نظر آرہا ہے وہ محبت ِمصطفیؐ کا ہی ثمرہے۔ان کے دل میں آپؐ سے والہانہ محبت کا جذبہ پوری آب و تاب سے کار فرما ہے ۔یہ خاص نعمت ایک تو خدا کی دین ہے دوسرا ان کے والدِ محترم محمد حسین صاحب بھی...
In the post-industrial revolution world, social change is often studied and understood in the context of change in means of production, mobility, urbanization and change in the constitution of workforce. Role of ethical values is generally confined to personal conduct and manners. Industrial society is supposed to have its own work ethics which may or may not agree with personal ethics and morality. Ethics and morality are generally considered, in the Western thought, as a social construct. Therefore, with the change in means of production or political system, values and morality are also expected to be re-adjusted in order to cope with the changed environment. Sometimes a totally new set of values emerges as a consequence of the change in economic, political, or legal set up. The present research tries to understand the meaning and place of these values in a global socio-cultural framework. Relying essentially on the divine principles of the Qur'ān it makes an effort to understand relevance of these universal and ultimate principles with human conduct and behavior in society. It indicates that essentially it is the core values, principles, or norms which guide human beings in their interpersonal, social, economic and political matters. Islam being a major civilizing force, culture, and the way of life, provides values which guide both in individual and social matters. The values given by the Qur’ān and the Sunnah are not monopoly of the Muslim. These values are universal and are relevant in a technological society.
Chronic viral hepatitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the present day world [Goldstein et al, 2005; Baldo et al, 2008] 1,2 . The situation is particularly precarious in the developing countries [Jafri et al, 2006] 3 . It is estimated that by the year 2020-5, there will be three fold rise in cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma from HBV and HCV [Nguyen et al, 2008; Law et al, 2003] 4,5 . In chronic viral hepatitis the prognosis and management are highly dependent on the extent of liver fibrosis [Sebastiani et al, 2006] 6 . Though classically considered the “gold standard”; the liver biopsy is far from perfect, and has significant limitations [Poynard et al, 2004] 7 . This has led researchers to look for other methods to assess the stage of liver fibrosis [Afdhal et al, 2004] 8 .The noninvasive markers are the most widely used alternative to liver biopsy [ Manning et al, 2008; Castera et al, 2007; Morra et al, 2007] 9,10,11 . In the study presented, the association between serum markers, platelet parameters and liver fibrosis was investigated taking liver biopsy as the reference standard. A set of 5 serum markers, Fibroscore, consisting of: bilirubin, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), hyaluronic acid (HA), alpha 2 macroglobulin (A2M), and platelets; has shown very high diagnostic accuracy for the near absence of fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The area under the ROC for F2 (stage 2) fibrosis was 0.808, for F3 the ROC was 0.938, and for F4 the ROC was 0.959. A central cut off point of > 0.5, in the model, predicted clinically significant fibrosis, (F2, F3 and F4) with a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 92%, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 89%. By increasing the cut off to 0.65, for stages F2-F4, the PPV was 95%. Lowering the cut off to < 0.08 for the exclusion of stages F2-F4 provided 98% NPV, thus almost certainly ruling out stages F2-F4. The PDW index consists of platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet count. The area under the ROC for advanced fibrosis (F3-F4) for PDW index was 0.840, compares with the well known AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) with area under ROC of 0.888. It is concluded that, Fibroscore has a high diagnostic accuracy for stages F2-F4, and PDW Index reliably predicts advanced fibrosis. The noninvasive markers will be helpful in the screening and management of fibrotic liver disease [Morra et al, 2007] 11 , and will replace liver biopsy in most patients with chronic liver disease from viral related causes [Castera et al, 2007; Morra et al, 2007] 10,11 .