روايات سيرت كى تحقيق كا حديثى معيار

Seerah is a separate Islamic science from Hadith as their primary sources are different. Although there are some extents where there is over laying between them, but traditionally Seerah has different principles as compared to Hadith. The Scholars of Hadith were very strict in applying their rules whereas the scholars of Seerah were more flexible. The reason is, when academics were dealing with Ahadiths and deducingdivine rulings, they wanted to make sure they were founding the rulings on Ahadiths that were authentic and sound. So that is why they applied very stringent rules to accept Ahadith. However, when it came to Seerah, they were more flexible in their rules, because they study this as history of The Prophet PBUH which does not touch the Sharia rulings. So, we find that writers of Seerah would accept narrations, they would not usually accept if they were dealing with Ahadith. This practice with Seerah narrations was followed by our early scholars. But recently, there is a new movement among some of our researchers that they wanted to apply the rules of Ahadith on Seerah. We do not agree this approach and in this article, we have had a humble effort to compile a set of rules for acceptance of Seerah narrations.

Synthesis of Quinoline, Idane-1, 3-Dione, Urea and Thiourea Derivatives and Their Bioactivities

This research work consists of the synthesis of quinoline, indane 1,3 dione and urea and thiourea derivatives by adopting various synthetic chemical transformations and screening of their biological activities. All compounds were fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EI-MS/FAB-MS and HRMS. Melting points of all compounds were also recorded. This dissertation consists of three chapters based on the extensive literature and research findings regarding the five libraries of synthetic compounds. Each chapter has its own compounds numbering, tables, figures, schemes and references Chapter-1 composed of the broad literature survey regarding the general introduction of quinoline, its biological background and various synthetic protocols. This chapter is divided into three parts. Synthesis of Quinoline derivatives and their structure-activity relationship studies 30-52 (Part A), benzamide derivatives of quinoline 53-83(Part B), Sulfonamide and Sulfonyl ester deravatives of quinoline 84-133(Part C) and evaluation of their in vitro activities. Compounds 31, 32, 35, 42, 43 and 48 showed good to moderate antiglycation activity. Compound 34 showed moderate leishmanicidal activity. Compound 41 was found to be more potent than standard thiourea. All compounds are non toxic on rat fibroblast 3T3 cell lines. Compounds 30, 41, 42, and 47 were showed good antiinflammatory potential and found to be more potent than standard ibuprofen. Compounds 53-83 were found to be inactive against immunomodulatory, leshminasis, DPPH and dipeptidyl peptidase activity. Compound 84-133 were screened for βGlucuronidase activity. Out of which Compounds 85-91, 93, 95, 97, 98,101-105, 110, 112 and 115 were found to be more potent than standard D-Saccharic acid 1,4 lactone. Their random screening resulted in finding of some lead molecule for further studies. Chapter-2 demonstrated the Synthesis of urea and thiourea analogs and their biological studies 134-175. Compounds 140, 142, 143, 162, 163, 167 and 170 were more potent than standard thiourea.While compounds 141, 144, 145, 150, 164, 166, 172 and 173 were found to be moderate active in urease inhibitory activity. Chapter 3 Comprises the synthesis of Indane 1,3 dione derivatives and their structure activity relationship studies. Biological screening of all compounds showed that compounds 174, 182, 185, 188-191, 194-197 and 199 showed moderate to weakly leishmanicidal activity. Compound 201 was moderately active in antioxidant assay.