نامی کوئی بغیر مشقت نہیں ہوا
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’نامی کوئی بغیر مشقت نہیں ہوا‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
اس عالم رنگ و بو میں جہاں کہیں بھی انسان موجود ہے اس کے دل میں یہ خواہش بڑی شدومد کے ساتھ انگڑائیاں لے رہی ہے کہ وہ معروف ہو جائے، اس کی عظمت کے ڈنکے بجنے لگیں ، اس کی چار دانگ عالم میں مشہوری ہو جائے ، اس کے سر پر ناموری کا تاج سج جائے۔
جنابِ صدر!
شہرت کا عقاب بلند پروازی کرسکتا ہے ، مجدی و سروری کی آرزو پوری کی جاسکتی ہے، نامی کہنے کا خواب پورا ہوسکتا ہے، عزت و عظمت کی فاختہ اپنے گھر کی منڈیر پر بٹھائی جاسکتی ہے، گلستان و چمنستان میں بڑے پن کے گلہائے رنگا رنگ کھلائے جاسکتے ہیں، اپنے اعزاء واقارب، احباب واصدقاء کے درمیان اپنی بڑائی کا لوہا منوایا جا سکتا ہے ،لیکن
جنابِ صدر!
اس کے لیے تساہل وغفلت کی عبا کو تار تار کرنا ہوگا ، اس کے لیے جہد مسلسل اور پیہم کدوکاوش کرنی ہوگی ، اس کے لیے تیشٔہ فرہاد استعمال کرتے ہوئے جوئے شیر لانا ہوگی، اس کے لئے آرام و آسائش کی قربانی دینی ہوگی ، اس کے لیے زندگی کے حسین لمحات کو خیر باد کہنا ہو گا۔
صدرِذی وقار!
تاریخ کے اوراق کی ورق گردانی سے یہ بات مترشحّ ہوتی ہے کہ جن نابغہ ٔروزگار ہستیوں نے مقام ِرفیعہ پر قدم رکھا اللہ تعالیٰ کے فضل و کرم کے ساتھ ساتھ ان کی محنت بھی شامل تھی ، ان کی شبانہ روز کوششوں اور کاوشوں کا بڑا عمل دخل تھا، ان کی محنتِ...
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is thedisease condition in which our gastrointestinal(GI) tract is affected and cause abdominal pain and discomfort that is associated with change in the stools form and frequency. In this condition one may suffer from diarrhea, constipation or both at the same time. This disorder is very common now days because of unhealthy eating habits mostly in females. Manyfactors are responsible for IBS like food, environment, genetic and psychological factors. IBS can be overcomed by improving our eating habits and lifestyle and also by following different diets like FODMAP and GLUTEN FREE diet. Probiotics and herbs are also very beneficial in curing IBS.
The focus of this study is mainly on impact of microfinance on poverty alleviation and economic empowerment as well as on the effectiveness of economic, social and institutional factors in manipulating the role of microfinance. It also investigates the impact of different microfinance models and gender differential on poverty alleviation and economic empowerment in the prospective of microfinance. It is a primary data research conducted in the Bahawalpur division, Pakistan. The study employed the tool developed in collaboration by Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Services (AIMS) and Small Enterprise Education and Promotion network (SEEP). The tool has been modified in the local context. Like all the AIMS studies, the present study also used the group of incoming clients as the comparison group in order to deal selection bias. The sample consists of 1524 respondents, out of which 773 are established clients (treatment group ) and 751 are incoming ones (control group), belonging to different microfinance providers of Pakistan that are NRSP, AKHU, FMFB, KASHF, KB, NRSP-B, TMFB. Data has been collected through face to face structured interviewing using a questionnaire. Independent Sample T-Test, Logit and Multiple regression have been used for analysis. The main findings of the study are that microfinance alleviates poverty as the net difference of 23 percent between both groups with respect to category ‘non-poor’ can be attributed to participation in microfinance programmes, however it does not reach the poorest of the poor, as microfinance providers mostly targeted the moderate poor. The results show that participation to microfinance programme has negative effect on poverty status of borrowers, and substantial positive effect on income, food security, housing, household assets, household saving and decision making empowerment of borrowers. However its effect on education of children, household health, productive assets and employment presents a mix picture. Because microfinance has been found to have a strong positive impact on some indictors of these variables while very minute positive impact or even no impact on some other indicators. Female mature clients have been found poorer than male ones. However they have been found more conscious about quality of housing, education of children and household health as compared to male clients. Only 14 percent of female clients take the decision themselves about use of microloan. It has been found that economic wellbeing and economic empowerment of borrowers after availing microfinance is positively affected by consumer protection, education of borrowers, experience, business training, number of employed persons, length of membership, relation to household head, area and family reaction to business activity but negatively by diversion of loan, interest rate, age of the borrowers and number of dependents. It also has been found that gender does not matter in determining the role of microfinance in alleviating poverty and enhancing economic empowerment; however microfinance modelling matters in this connection.