مولانا فضل اﷲ مرحوم
معارف ابھی زیر ترتیب ہی تھا کہ مولانا فضل اﷲ صاحب رحمانی کے انتقال کی اطلاع ملی، مرحوم اپنے علم و فضل تقویٰ و طہارت، اور شرافت و حسن اخلاق میں سلف صالحین کا نمونہ تھے، راقم الحروف کو ان کی خدمت ایک عرصہ سے نیاز حاصل تھا، جب علی گڑھ جانا ہوتا تو ان کے یہاں ضرور حاضری دیتا، اور وہ بھی پیرانہ سالی اور ضعف جسمانی کے باوجود بازدید کے لیے تشریف لاتے اور دیر تک دینی و علمی گفتگو فرماتے میرا قیام سرسید نگر میں اپنے لڑکے ڈاکٹر محمد سالم قدوائی کے مکان بیت الفرح میں ہوتا ہے اور مولانا امیر نشان میں اپنی صاحبزادی روقہ بیگم کے یہاں رہتے تھے، امیر نشان سے سرسید نگر کا فاصلہ اچھا خاصا ہے، میں نے کئی بار عرض بھی کیا کہ آپ اتنی تکلیف گوارا نہ کیا کریں، میں جب تک علی گڑھ میں رہوں گا خود ہی حاضر ہوتا رہوں گا مگر انھوں نے اخلاق کریمانہ کی بنا پر میری اس درخواست کو کبھی قبول نہیں کیا، ایسی خورد نوازی کی مثالیں بہت کم ملتی ہیں، میں ان سے عمر میں بھی بہت چھوٹا تھا، اور علم و فضل میں تو ان سے کوئی نسبت ہی نہ تھی، میں ذرہ بے مقدار اور وہ آفتاب علم و کمال، یہ محض ان کی بزرگانہ شفقت تھی، اور اس تعلق خاطر کا اظہار تھا، جو انھیں ندوہ کے خادموں کے ساتھ تھا، دو ندوۃ العلماء کے بانی اور ناظم اول مولانا محمد علی مونگیری کے پوتے تھے، والد کا نام مولانا احمد علی تھا، وہ علم و فضل، صلاح و تقویٰ، محاسنِ اخلاق اور عقل و ذہانت میں بہت ممتاز تھے، ان کی نو عمری کے زمانہ میں ایک طرف مستشریوں کا بڑا زور تھا جو آئے دن اسلام کے خلاف کتابیں لکھتے...
Islamic Philosophy of the Rights of Non-Muslims Minorties: An Analysis in Qur’ᾱnic Perspective Islam is complete code of life for entire humankind. According to the Holy Quran all human beings have been created from a single person (Adam). By birth all are equal and have all fundamental rights irrespective of their religion. If a group is numerically inferior to the rest of the population of state in a non-dominant position, will not be considered minority according to Quran. Quran classify people into two different categories: believers and non-believers on the base of their belief instead of numerical value. Minorities enjoy all fundamental rights and freedoms in Islamic territory. This article demonstrates in the light of Quran that Islam does not discriminate between Muslims and non-Muslims in the matter of rights and will clarify the objection of western propaganda that Islam is rigid for non-believers. There are different types of Non-Muslims living in Islamic state as minority. According to Quran, concept of minority is unique, minority does not mean inferior in number. This paper will reveal the types of minorities and their specific rights along with their basic rights too. It has been concluded that Islam is only religion which offers basic human rights at the level of equality irrespective their religion.
Indeed, the lack of successful and effective leadership style of secondary school principals in the province of Sindh, particularly in Karachi has resulted poor performance and low students achievement. Therefore, the basic purpose of the study was to examine the leadership styles of the principals in secondary schools of Karachi. The scope of the study was limited to all the secondary schools of Karachi. Seven hypotheses were formulated for the study. Among these, six hypotheses were based on the demographic variables consisted on sex, status of schools, professional qualification, experience, age and marital status. The seventh hypothesis was related to item-by item analysis of the questionnaire on the thirty dimensions of the leadership styles. The population of the study was large and diverse, thus stratified random sampling was used. The total sample size consisted of 300 teachers and 100 principals from 100 schools. Two research instruments, a self-made questionnaire of 30 items and an interview protocol of 4 broad questions were used. In views of the principals, only one hypothesis out of six was rejected and five were upheld. It was concluded, (2) that private secondary school principals were more significant in the effectiveness of school organization than the government school principals. Though, in hypothesis number (1), (3), (4), (5) and (6), no significant differences were found between the leadership styles of male and female, trained and untrained, experienced and less experienced, younger and older, and married and unmarried secondary school principals in the effectiveness of school organization. In views of the teachers, four hypotheses out of six were rejected and two were upheld. It was concluded that in hypothesis number (1), it was found that the leadership styles of female secondary school principals were more superior to male principals in the effectiveness of school organization, (2) private secondary school principals were more superior to government secondary school principals, (3) trained secondary school principals were more superior to untrained secondary school principals and (5) younger secondary school principals were more superior to older secondary school principals in the effectiveness of school organization. Though, in hypothesis number (4) and (6), no significant difference was found between the leadership styles of experienced and less experienced and married and unmarried secondary school principals in the effectiveness of school organization. The collected data was analyzed through the ‘t’ test and ‘chi square’. In the light of the findings, several solid recommendations were made.