یہودیوں کے مختلف نام
باب اول کے اہم نکات
- عبرانی، اسرائیلی، یہودی اور سامی میں فرق۔
- یہودی کسے کہا جا سکتا ہے۔
- پیدائشی، ملحد اور مرضی سے بننے والے یہودی۔
- یہودیت کی ابتدا۔
- ابراہیمؑ سے کیا گیا عہد خداوندی۔
- اسحاقؑ، یعقوبؑ اور یوسفؑ کے ادوار۔
"یہودی" عبرانی زبان کا لفظ ہے جس کے معنی "یہودا کے قبیلہ سے" کے ہیں۔ یہودیت کا شمار دنیا کے قدیم ترین مذاہب میں ہوتا ہے جس کی تاریخ تقریباً 1500 سے 2000 سال قبل مسیح بیان کی جاتی ہے۔ تاریخی اعتبار سے اسے الہامی مذاہب میں سب سے قدیم مذہب مانا جاتا ہے۔ عصر حاضر میں یہودیوں کی کل تعداد تقریباً 14.7 ملین ہے۔ یہودیوں کو مختلف ادوار میں مختلف ناموں سے پکارا جاتا رہا ہے۔ ان میں سے ہر ایک نام کی تاریخ، اہمیت اور استعمال مختلف ہے۔ یہودیت میں ناموں کی اسی اہمیت کے پیش نظر ان ناموں کا مختصر تعارف ذیل میں درج کیا جا رہا ہے۔
عبرانی
پہلے پہل یہودیوں کو "عبرانی" کہا جاتا تھا۔ عبرانی بائیبل جسے تنخ اور عہد نامہ قدیم بھی کہا جاتا ہے یہودیوں کی مقدس کتاب ہے جس میں لفظ عبرانی کا اولین اطلاق آبرام /ابراہیمؑ کو بیان کرنے کے لیے کیا گیا ہے۔ [1] لفظ عبرانی کا ماخذ یا تو "ابر" ہے جو آبرام کے اجداد میں سے کسی کا نام تھا یا اس کا ماخذ "ایور" ہے جس کا مطلب "دوسری جانب کا" ہے۔ چونکہ وہ دریائے فرات کی دوسری جانب سے آئے تھے اس لیے عبرانی کہلائے۔ یہ بھی کہا جاتا ہے کہ وہ روحانی و اخلاقی طور پر اپنی قوم سے دوسری جانب تھے اس لیے انہیں عبرانی کہا جانے لگا۔ جب...
For the guidance of all human being and for resolving the problems Allah has told in Qur’an. The environmental pollution is a major issue of our life, Allah has also fully guided for this regard too. There is mentioned in The Holy Quran about that. There are seven types of pollution are: Water pollution, Air pollution, Soil pollution, Thermal pollution, Radioactive pollution, Noise pollution, Light pollution. Environmental pollution has existed for centuries but only started to be significant in dub trial resolution. Pollution occurs when the natural environmental cannot destroy an element without creating harm or damage to itself. The elements involved are not produced by nature and the destroying process can vary from a few days to thousands of years. Though the first we should clean our self then our society will be cleaned and will not remain any kind of pollution. In this regard the Holly Quran is also telling us about the purification. There are two types of purification internal external. Internal purification to purity the soul form the effects of sins and act of disobedience though repenting sincerely form all sins and act of disobedience Purification of the heart from the fifth polytheism. External purification by removing of filth is by using pure water of the water for the removal of the for the worshiper's garment body and from the place of prayer. We must thin for this serious issue and have to reform our society from this important issue. In fort, we get rid from those absolutely in the right direction.
This study was basically about effectiveness of elementary school health program: Perception of school heads and teachers. This research was basically quantitative descriptive in nature. It was conducted in Sargodha, Chakwal, and Rawalpindi districts of Punjab Province in Pakistan. The target respondents were Teachers, Head Teachers and School Health&Nutritional Supervisor. For data collection three questionnaires were developed by researcher herself. The questionnaires were divided among sample of 89 head teachers 89 trained teacher and 15 Health and Nutrition Supervisors. Data was collected by researcher and analyzed with the help of SPSS.Mean score, standard deviation, Independent Sample t-test and ANOVAwere calculated to interpret results from data. With respect to first objective of the study which was to explore the health services and screening provided at elementary school level. It is concluded that there are many services provided by healthprogram like there is Continuous training is provided, manual is provided, health assessment is provided. Second objective was to evaluate the competence and health/hygiene concepts of SH&NS to provide health services as per plan. It is concluded that according to heads, and teachers of schools; the supervisors are competent in vast areas like they are aware to deal emergency, they developed different health care plans, and they explained clearly all aspects of manual. Third objective was to assess the improvements brought about in quality of lives of elementary school students under School Health Program. It is concluded that a lot of visible improvements brought by this program in quality of lives of students like; awareness in students is developed, it ensure polio free society, it improves school environment. Fourth objective was to make comparison between the performance of male and female teachers in preaching life skill based hygiene education. No significant difference was found in term of gender in performance of teachers in preaching life skill based hygiene education. Fifth objective was to highlight the weaknesses and strengths of the health services program through teachers and head teachers? perception and to mark gaps between program objectives and outcomes. It is concluded that strengths of the program are it provides information about cleanliness. While on the other hand weaknesses are there is insufficient visits of SH&NS, insufficient materials in manual, screening services are not enough. Keeping in view the findings and conclusion of the study following reconditions were proposed to implement in future; there should be enough manuals and other helping content that should be provided to teachers and students for better spread of awareness. Government may need to expand the program and provide proper funding for this program to ensure proper implementation.