سبز بستیوں کے غزال
سانجھ پبلی کیشنز سے 2018ء میں چھپنے والا ناطق کی غزلیات کا ایک مجموعہ سر بستیوں کے غزال بھی ہے۔اس کتاب کا انتساب شمس الرحمان فاروقی کے نام ہے اس میں کل 54غزلیں شامل ہیں۔اس میں انہوں نے پنجاب کی سرزمیں ،کھیت کھلیان ،پھل پھول،ہریالی یہاں تک کہ پنجاب میں جڑے رشتے ،اسی مٹی سے اٹھنے والی خوشبو اور اس سر زمین کے لیے جان دے دینے والے رشتوں کو اردو غزل میں شاعری کے ذریعے پروان چڑھایا ہے۔
علی اکبر ناطق نے اپنی تمام تر تحریری جمالیات کے ساتھ پنجاب کی خوبصورتی کو عیاں کرکے ایک نئی مثال قائم کی ہے۔ان کی شاعری میں کچھ ایسے الفاظ کا بھی استعمال کیا گیا ہے جو کہ پنجابی کے ہیں یوں تو بہت سے شاعر حضرات ایسے ہیں جو اپنی شاعری میں پنجابی کے الفاظ استعمال کرتے ہیں۔لیکن ناطق نے اردو غزل میں الفاظ کا اصل اور بالکل منفرد طریقے سے تخلیقی استعمال کیا ہے۔شمس الرحمٰن لکھتے ہیں:
’’ناطق کی غزل اپنے قصے کی دیواروں اور کھیتوں کی سبز مٹی سے جڑی ہے اس کی زبان کا خمیر اپنی دھرتی کی خوشبوؤں سے اٹھا ہے۔اس کا ایک ایک مصرع اس کے اٹوٹ سمبندھ کی گواہی دیتا ہے۔یہ ہنر آفر ین شعری طلسم کسی کاوش کا نتیجہ نہیں بلکہ وہ الہامی اور وجدانی توفیق کی جزا ہے جس میں ناطق کو اپنی شاداب و خوشی رنگ پائینوں والی دھرتی سے باندھے رکھا ہے۔‘‘(8)
ناطق کی شاعری میں جس طرح منظر نگاری سے کام لیا جاتاہے۔قاری کو محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ جیسے نقش بولتے ہیں۔ان منظروں میں وہ سماں ہوتا ہے کہ جیسے تاریخ خود اپنی وضاحت کررہی ہو۔ حال میں ہونے والے اور مستقبل...
Authority is the centerpiece of the law as well as legal system. It cannot be properly understood without adequate understanding of the structure of authority that underlies it. The role of moral and religious values in the law has been a vital issue in classical as well as contemporary legal philosophy. Discussion about the theoretical foundation of the law remains a key issue in the modern legal thinking as a legal system is considered to have emerged from cultural contexts. Western legal systems are broadly grounded in to the Judo-Christian and Greco-Roman cultures. Though a fundamental change took place in the Western Europe as cultural traditions which affected the very nature of law both as a political institution and as an intellectual concept. The creation of modern legal systems was, in the first instance, a response to revolutionary change within the church and its relation with the secular authority. It led to bifurcation of social morality and religion in the modern law. Now most of the modern theories are based on this concept. The present paper presents a study of the origins of the Islamic law as well as the contemporary western legal thought in connection with religion and ethics. The conflict about moral and religious values reflects their code of life and concept of religions. In Islamic law authority-which is at once religious and moral is the will of the creator which is basic source of Islamic law, However, Fuqahᾱ differentiate between legal and moral values
In the present work, 203 iron and steel industrial units located in and around Lahore were surveyed to gather information regarding physical parameters, processes involved, product types, raw materials used, fuel types, mode of employment, working conditions and use of PPEs in these units. General health and socio-economic status, disease history and anthropometric measurements of 656 workers from different work points were measured. Total serum proteins, albumin, ALT, AST and ALP were photometrically analyzed. Haematological parameters i.e., TLC, DLC, RBC, Hgb, Hct%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelet counts were made on automated haematology analyzer. Data was statistically analyzed on the basis of work points, job duration and worker’s age using ANOVA and students t-test at SPSS 13.0 version. Survey results revealed that the working conditions in these units are not satisfactory. Workers are exposed to variety of hazards. Socio-economic status of the workers also portrayed a dismal condition. Biochemical analysis showed general trend of increased concentration of total serum proteins, albumin and globulins, suggesting dehydration and non-specific infections as probable cause. Old workers working at comparatively higher temperature point showed more evident changes in total protein contents as compared to the young workers at the same points. ALT and AST, although within normal reference range, were evidently towards the higher limits in almost all categories of the workers. Younger and oldest workers with shortest and longest job duration presented higher value for ALT and AST as compared to the middle aged workers and with medium job duration. ALP is found significantly higher in all categories of workers depicting the obvious response to environmental stress. Physical activity along with the temperature appeared to be the contributory to enhance ALP activity. Although the haematological parameters did not show any direct correlation with the job duration or worker’s age but increased WBCs in circulation along with the complementary increase in lymphocytes number reflects the elicitation of immune response in these subjects. Hemoglobin, RBCs, Hct%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets are found to show alteration, in general indicating a stress on the hematopoietic system to cope with the stress of hypoxic conditions and enhanced demand of energy due to heavy physical exertion. The results suggest that work point temperature along with heavy physical activity probably causes effects on liver physiology and also the hematopoietic system as apart of compensatory response. The results suggest more detailed studies with reference to heat stress and protein profile with special emphasis of the role of Hsps. Along with the detailed haematological investigations; studies on liver and kidney physiology are also recommended to understand the effect on hormones and electrolytes under hyperthermic conditions. Strict monitoring and enforcement of rules for the workers health and safety are strongly recommended.