مقصد حیات
ہم جو بھی پڑھتے ہیں اس سے متاثر ضرور ہوتے ہیں۔اسی طرح ناول نگار بھی کسی زندگی کی عکاسی کرتاہے اور جس زندگی کی عکاسی کر رہا ہوتا ہے وہ مقصد سے خالی نہیں ہوتی۔ناول نگار قاری کیاحساسات کے بارے میں آگاہ ہوتا ہے۔اس لیے وہ انسانی نفسیات کو سمجھتے ہوئے ایک کہانی تخلیق کرتا ہے۔ایک استاد کی طرح اپنی بات کو قاری کے ذہن تک پہنچانے کا مقصد صرف اور صرف یہ ہوتا ہے کہ ایک خاص قسم کا فلسفہ اس کے ذہن میں زبردستی ڈالا جاتا ہے۔
ناول نگار نے بھی ایک مقصدی کہانی لکھی ہے۔ وہ اپنی اس کہانی کے ذریعے ہمیں کرپشن اور ملک سے غداری کرنے والوں کو بینقاب کررہے ہیں۔وہ سیکس انڈسٹری کی ایک واضح تصویر اور اس کے نتائج کو ہمارے سامنے پیش کررہے ہیں جوکہ ایک عمدہ قدم ہے۔یقیناًنو لکھی کوٹھی کے بعد ناطق کا یہ دوسرا انتہائی شاندار ناول ہے جو یاد رکھے جانے کے قابل ہوگا۔ہر موڑ قاری کو ایک نئی راہ سے متعارف کروارہا ہے شوبز کی دنیا ایک جھانسہ ہے۔ہمارے معاشرے میں چلتے پھرتے لوگوں کے بارے میں خلاصہ کیاگیا ہے۔جائیداد کا لالچ تو ایک الگ بات ،اس پہ نسل در نسل بات پر اس طرح مٹی ڈال دی جاتی ہے کہ وہ ایک معمہ بن جائے اور حل نہ ہوپائے۔ناطق نے بہت ہی جانب داری کا مظاہرہ کیا ہے اور محسوسات کے مطابق ایک مقصدی کہانی لکھی ہے۔
This exploratory study delves into the remarkable efforts of Hazrat Abd al-Muttalib, the revered grandfather of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, in rejuvenating the Millat-e-Ibrahimi, the Abrahamic faith, in pre-Islamic Arabia. This study investigates the pivotal role played by Hazrat Abd al-Muttalib in preserving and strengthening the monotheistic beliefs of his forefathers, Abraham and Ishmael, against the backdrop of a polytheistic society. Drawing from historical accounts, oral traditions, and early Islamic sources, the research uncovers the strategies and initiatives employed by Hazrat Abd al-Muttalib to foster unity among the disparate Arabian tribes and uphold the principles of monotheism.
This study sheds light on a crucial yet often understudied period in Islamic history, exploring the legacy of Hazrat Abd al-Muttalib as a precursor to the prophethood of his grandson, the Holy Prophet Muhammad. By examining his actions and their impact, it provides valuable insights into the early foundations of the Islamic faith and the broader context of religious development in the Arabian Peninsula.
Keywords: Hazrat Abd al-Muṭṭalib, Millat-e-Ibrāhimī, Abrahamic faith, Pre-Islamic Arabia, Monotheism, Revival efforts, Arabian tribes۔
Economical production of industrial enzymes in higher yields has been an area of intensive research interest for the last many decades. In recent years, scientists have made tremendous progress in enzyme biotechnology that has opened up new opportunities for enzymes in molecular biology as well as industrial applications. Fungi belong to a group of organisms with the ability to produce different types of enzymes. The importance of fungi is not limited to their native products; they are also useful in the development and commercialization of new products through the modern techniques of mutagenesis and molecular biology. Enzyme production in higher yields is important for any biomedical or industrial application of enzymes. White rot fungi are efficient lignin degrading microorganisms that produce high activities of ligninolytic enzymes, including lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase. Manganese peroxidase has got tremendous applications in biomass utilization, bioremediation, pulp and paper industry, food technology, nanobiotechnology and medicine. With increasing new biotechnological and industrial applications of manganese peroxidase there is dire need to search for new and hyperproduccing enzyme sources. The various techniques for developing hyperproducing fungal strains are radiation and chemical mutagenesis, and genetic engineering. Chemical mutagenesis offers the possibility of a wider and more economical technique for developing mutant strains for producing biocatalysts in industry, waste treatment, medicine, and in the development of bioprocess monitoring devices like biosensors. Keeping in view the above mentioned facts, a study was conducted to develop a hyperproducing mutants of Coriolus versicolor IBL-04 through chemical mutagenesis. Two chemical mutagens ethedium bromide (EB) and ethyle methansuphonate (EMS) were used for mutational work and hyperprucing mutants in each case were selected on basis of MnP production in solid state fermentation. The physical and nutritional parameters for the production of MnP by native and selected mutants were optimized through one-factor-at-a-time optimization stratergy. Physico-chemical culture conditions, such as pH, tempature, moisture levels, inoculum size, C:N ratio, mediators and metal ions were optimized and maximum MnP activities by mutant strains EB-60 and EMS-90 were 2796 U mL -1 and 3140 U mL -1 , repectivelty, as compared to 1635 U mL -1 MnP actvity from native strain. An increase of 3.2-fold in enzyme production after mutagenesis and optimization of various parameters was achieved as compared to native strain. The MnPs produced by native and mutant strains were 1.4-5.5 fold purified through ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchangechromatography and gel filtration. The purified MnPs from from mutant strains had the molecular masses of around 43 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzymes from native , EB-60 mutant and EMS-90 mutant strains of Coriolus versicolor were compared in terms of their pH & temperature optima and kinetic characteristics. The lower K M and higher V max values from selected mutant strains suggested that the MnPs from mutants were more efficient and stable as compared to MnP from the native strain. The results of this work demostrated that the random chemical mutagenesis of Coriolus versicolor IBL-04 significantly enhanced MnP production under optimized laboratory conditions. Higher activities and thermo-stabilities of MnPs from mutant strains suggest the potential of mutant strains for commercial scale MnP production for diverse industrial applications.