احسنؔ مارہروی
احسنؔ مرحوم اردو کے کہنہ مشق شاعر اور قواعد زبان کے بڑے عالم تھے۔ حضرت داغؔ دہلوی سے تلمذ رکھتے تھے۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ احسنؔ کے کلام میں بھی فصاحت وبلاغت اوریجنلٹی اورروانی داغؔ کے رنگ کی پائی جاتی ہے۔مرحوم کا اصل وطن مارہرہ تھا۔ کئی سال تک مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ میں اردو کے لیکچرر رہے۔۱۸۹۶ء میں’’ریاض سخن‘‘کے نام سے ایک گلدستۂ اشعارجاری کیا۔ پھر لاہور سے غالباً استادداغؔ کی یادگار میں’’فصیح الملک‘‘نام کا ایک ماہنامہ نکالا۔نثر میں اُن کی تصنیف’’تاریخ نثراردو‘‘بہت مشہور ہے۔اس کے علاوہ ولیؔ دکنی کے ضخیم دیوان کی تصحیح وترتیب بڑی محنت وجانفشانی سے کی اور داغؔ مرحوم کے غیر مطبوعہ کلام کومرتب کرکے’’یادگار داغ‘‘کے نام سے شائع کیا۔موصوف شاعری کے علاوہ صورۃً وسیرۃً بھی طرزقدیم کے بزرگ تھے۔حق تعالیٰ انہیں جواررحمت میں ابرار وصلحاء کامقام عطافرمائے۔آمین [اکتوبر۱۹۴۰ء]
As all of know that start of the revelation of Holy Qur’ān started with imperative form of the verb as it is ended with like that. This shows that the imperative mood is one of the most magnificent topics of an Arabic language، particularly in the Qur’ān context. According to the opinion of the major scholars، both the commencement and conclusion of the Holy Qur’ān were in the imperative mood. Thereupon، the scholars of Arabic language took a keen interest in study of meanings of the imperative mood whether literal or figurative. From the abovementioned point of view the following article attempts to study the meanings of imperative mood، whether they are literal or figurative، and also it endeavors along with its connotations in the light of what is stated in the Holy Qur’ān and Sunn’āh as well as in the sources of Arabic language، to lead those who recite the Holy Qur’ān to the right way، guide them to the truth and to help them in understanding of the secret meanings of Qur’ān.
Academic English has its own register in terms of its diction, structure and layout. This register is mandatory for writing dissertations. Yet, academic English also entails specificity of written language that is strictly social, cultural and research bound. The current study has described the specificity of academic English used in dissertations in the field of English studies in Pakistan. By adopting corpus based research approach the study has illustrated the specificity of academic English by identifying the frequency of the use and functions of content words like verbs and nouns in PhD dissertations in English Linguistics, English Literature and English Language Teaching. By using software Antconc, verbal structures of the different types and categories of verbs were analyzed in terms of the frequency of occurrence and their functions in encoding research in the different sections of dissertation i.e. introduction, literature review, research methodology, analysis/discussion and conclusion. Whereas, the processes of nominalization via suffixation was also analyzed via software Antconc in terms of specifying the categorical use of the patterns of different suffixes and their functions in encoding research in dissertations. The study is significant in facilitating the scholars and researchers in understanding the categorical use and functions of verbs and processes of nominalization in encoding research in dissertation in English studies in Pakistan.